Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/...
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| author | Jiangbo Xiong Shuaiwei Chen Jiaxin Wang Yujie Wang Xiaolin Fang Huajun Huang |
| author_facet | Jiangbo Xiong Shuaiwei Chen Jiaxin Wang Yujie Wang Xiaolin Fang Huajun Huang |
| author_sort | Jiangbo Xiong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/P/K) in SM-derived hydrochar produced at different reaction temperatures (200–280 °C) was investigated. The recovery of P (61.0–67.1%) in hydrochars was significantly higher than that of N (23.0–39.8%) and K (25.5–30.0%), and the increase in reaction temperature promoted the recovery of P and reduced the recovery of N. After the HTC treatment, the percentage of soluble/available P was reduced from 61.6% in raw SM to 4.0–23.9% in hydrochars, while that of moderately labile/slow-release P was improved from 29.2% in raw SM feedstock to 65.5–82.7%. An obvious reduction was also found in the amounts of available N (from 51.3% in raw SM feedstock to 33.0–40.5% in hydrochars). The percentages of slow-release N and residual N in hydrochars produced at 240 °C reached the maximum and minimum values (46.4% and 18.9%), respectively. A total of 49.5–58.3% of K retained in hydrochars was residual (invalid) potassium. From the perspective of the mobility and availability of N, P and K only, it was suggested that the HTC of SM should be carried out at 220–240 °C. Compared with the original SM, it is safer and more effective to use the SM-derived hydrochar as an organic fertilizer. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-70d83a185c394b81a6a29606999921822023-11-22T05:51:55ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-011415411410.3390/ma14154114Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction TemperaturesJiangbo Xiong0Shuaiwei Chen1Jiaxin Wang2Yujie Wang3Xiaolin Fang4Huajun Huang5School of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSchool of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaSchool of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaSchool of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaSchool of Land Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Ecology in the Poyang Lake Basin of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/P/K) in SM-derived hydrochar produced at different reaction temperatures (200–280 °C) was investigated. The recovery of P (61.0–67.1%) in hydrochars was significantly higher than that of N (23.0–39.8%) and K (25.5–30.0%), and the increase in reaction temperature promoted the recovery of P and reduced the recovery of N. After the HTC treatment, the percentage of soluble/available P was reduced from 61.6% in raw SM to 4.0–23.9% in hydrochars, while that of moderately labile/slow-release P was improved from 29.2% in raw SM feedstock to 65.5–82.7%. An obvious reduction was also found in the amounts of available N (from 51.3% in raw SM feedstock to 33.0–40.5% in hydrochars). The percentages of slow-release N and residual N in hydrochars produced at 240 °C reached the maximum and minimum values (46.4% and 18.9%), respectively. A total of 49.5–58.3% of K retained in hydrochars was residual (invalid) potassium. From the perspective of the mobility and availability of N, P and K only, it was suggested that the HTC of SM should be carried out at 220–240 °C. Compared with the original SM, it is safer and more effective to use the SM-derived hydrochar as an organic fertilizer.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4114swine manurehydrothermal carbonizationhydrocharnutrientsspeciation |
| spellingShingle | Jiangbo Xiong Shuaiwei Chen Jiaxin Wang Yujie Wang Xiaolin Fang Huajun Huang Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures Materials swine manure hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar nutrients speciation |
| title | Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures |
| title_full | Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures |
| title_short | Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures |
| title_sort | speciation of main nutrients n p k in hydrochars produced from the hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure under different reaction temperatures |
| topic | swine manure hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar nutrients speciation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4114 |
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