Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases
Gram-negative marine bacteria can thrive in harsh oceanic conditions, partly because of the structural diversity of the cell wall and its components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is composed of three main parts, an O-antigen, lipid A, and a core region, all of which display immense str...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/5/2485 |
| _version_ | 1798005764283957248 |
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| author | Muhammad Ayaz Anwar Sangdun Choi |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ayaz Anwar Sangdun Choi |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ayaz Anwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gram-negative marine bacteria can thrive in harsh oceanic conditions, partly because of the structural diversity of the cell wall and its components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is composed of three main parts, an O-antigen, lipid A, and a core region, all of which display immense structural variations among different bacterial species. These components not only provide cell integrity but also elicit an immune response in the host, which ranges from other marine organisms to humans. Toll-like receptor 4 and its homologs are the dedicated receptors that detect LPS and trigger the immune system to respond, often causing a wide variety of inflammatory diseases and even death. This review describes the structural organization of selected LPSes and their association with economically important diseases in marine organisms. In addition, the potential therapeutic use of LPS as an immune adjuvant in different diseases is highlighted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:45:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70e41d914f944b79ad9fbef39eb666d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:45:08Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-70e41d914f944b79ad9fbef39eb666d12022-12-22T04:23:23ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972014-04-011252485251410.3390/md12052485md12052485Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important DiseasesMuhammad Ayaz Anwar0Sangdun Choi1Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, KoreaDepartment of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, KoreaGram-negative marine bacteria can thrive in harsh oceanic conditions, partly because of the structural diversity of the cell wall and its components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is composed of three main parts, an O-antigen, lipid A, and a core region, all of which display immense structural variations among different bacterial species. These components not only provide cell integrity but also elicit an immune response in the host, which ranges from other marine organisms to humans. Toll-like receptor 4 and its homologs are the dedicated receptors that detect LPS and trigger the immune system to respond, often causing a wide variety of inflammatory diseases and even death. This review describes the structural organization of selected LPSes and their association with economically important diseases in marine organisms. In addition, the potential therapeutic use of LPS as an immune adjuvant in different diseases is highlighted.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/5/2485Gram-negative bacteriaimmune systemlipid Alipopolysaccharidemarine organismsTLR4 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ayaz Anwar Sangdun Choi Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases Marine Drugs Gram-negative bacteria immune system lipid A lipopolysaccharide marine organisms TLR4 |
| title | Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases |
| title_full | Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases |
| title_short | Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases |
| title_sort | gram negative marine bacteria structural features of lipopolysaccharides and their relevance for economically important diseases |
| topic | Gram-negative bacteria immune system lipid A lipopolysaccharide marine organisms TLR4 |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/5/2485 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammadayazanwar gramnegativemarinebacteriastructuralfeaturesoflipopolysaccharidesandtheirrelevanceforeconomicallyimportantdiseases AT sangdunchoi gramnegativemarinebacteriastructuralfeaturesoflipopolysaccharidesandtheirrelevanceforeconomicallyimportantdiseases |