Venomous Noodles: The Evolution of Toxins in Nemertea through Positive Selection and Gene Duplication

Venomous Noodles: The Evolution of Toxins in Nemertea through Positive Selection and Gene Duplication

Some, probably most and perhaps all, members of the phylum Nemertea are poisonous, documented so far from marine and benthic specimens. Although the toxicity of these animals has been long known, systematic studies on the characterization of toxins, mechanisms of toxicity, and toxin evolution for th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gabriel Gonzalez Sonoda, Eric de Castro Tobaruela, Jon Norenburg, João Paulo Fabi, Sónia C. S. Andrade
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
ribbon worms
dN/dS
gene duplication
molecular evolution
Cytotoxin-A
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/650

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