Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review
Additive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4794 |
| _version_ | 1797549676453429248 |
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| author | Daniel Martinez-Marquez Ylva Delmar Shoujin Sun Rodney A. Stewart |
| author_facet | Daniel Martinez-Marquez Ylva Delmar Shoujin Sun Rodney A. Stewart |
| author_sort | Daniel Martinez-Marquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results in decreased material strength. The porosity and pore sizes that are ideal for porous implants are still controversial in the literature, complicating the justification of a design decision. Recently, metallic porous biomaterials have been proposed for load-bearing applications beyond surface coatings. This recent science lacks standards, but the Quality by Design (QbD) system can assist the design process in a systematic way. This study used the QbD system to explore the Quality Target Product Profile and Ideal Quality Attributes of additively manufactured titanium porous scaffolds for bone regeneration with a biomimetic approach. For this purpose, a total of 807 experimental results extracted from 50 different studies were benchmarked against proposed target values based on bone properties, governmental regulations, and scientific research relevant to bone implants. The scaffold properties such as unit cell geometry, pore size, porosity, compressive strength, and fatigue strength were studied. The results of this study may help future research to effectively direct the design process under the QbD system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:18:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-710a5b07b75c43df8e234e78ad6f99df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:18:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-710a5b07b75c43df8e234e78ad6f99df2023-11-20T18:42:07ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-10-011321479410.3390/ma13214794Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature ReviewDaniel Martinez-Marquez0Ylva Delmar1Shoujin Sun2Rodney A. Stewart3School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, AustraliaAdditive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results in decreased material strength. The porosity and pore sizes that are ideal for porous implants are still controversial in the literature, complicating the justification of a design decision. Recently, metallic porous biomaterials have been proposed for load-bearing applications beyond surface coatings. This recent science lacks standards, but the Quality by Design (QbD) system can assist the design process in a systematic way. This study used the QbD system to explore the Quality Target Product Profile and Ideal Quality Attributes of additively manufactured titanium porous scaffolds for bone regeneration with a biomimetic approach. For this purpose, a total of 807 experimental results extracted from 50 different studies were benchmarked against proposed target values based on bone properties, governmental regulations, and scientific research relevant to bone implants. The scaffold properties such as unit cell geometry, pore size, porosity, compressive strength, and fatigue strength were studied. The results of this study may help future research to effectively direct the design process under the QbD system.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4794porous implantsbone implantsmetamaterialstitaniummechanical propertiespore size |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Martinez-Marquez Ylva Delmar Shoujin Sun Rodney A. Stewart Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review Materials porous implants bone implants metamaterials titanium mechanical properties pore size |
| title | Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full | Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_short | Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_sort | exploring macroporosity of additively manufactured titanium metamaterials for bone regeneration with quality by design a systematic literature review |
| topic | porous implants bone implants metamaterials titanium mechanical properties pore size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4794 |
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