Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population
Abstract. Introduction:. Recent evidence suggests that dry eye (DE) may be comorbid with other chronic pain conditions. Objectives:. To evaluate DE as a comorbid condition in the U.S. veteran population. Methods:. Retrospective review of veterans seen in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer
2017-12-01
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| Series: | PAIN Reports |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000629 |
| _version_ | 1811193309466460160 |
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| author | Charity J. Lee Roy C. Levitt Elizabeth R. Felix Constantine D. Sarantopoulos Anat Galor |
| author_facet | Charity J. Lee Roy C. Levitt Elizabeth R. Felix Constantine D. Sarantopoulos Anat Galor |
| author_sort | Charity J. Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract. Introduction:. Recent evidence suggests that dry eye (DE) may be comorbid with other chronic pain conditions.
Objectives:. To evaluate DE as a comorbid condition in the U.S. veteran population.
Methods:. Retrospective review of veterans seen in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System (Veteran Affairs) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Dry eye and nonocular pain disorders were ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Dry eye was further separated into ICD-9 codes representing tear film dysfunction or ocular pain. χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to examine frequency and risk of DE, ocular pain, and tear film dysfunction by pain disorders.
Results:. Of 3,265,894 veterans, 959,881 had a DE diagnosis (29.4%). Dry eye frequency increased with the number of pain conditions reported (P < 0.0005). Ocular pain was most strongly associated with headache (odds ratio [OR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.95–3.01), tension headache (OR 2.64; 95% CI 2.58–2.71), migraine (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.54–2.61), temporomandibular joint dysfunction (OR 2.39; 95% CI 2.34–2.44), pelvic pain (OR 2.30; 95% CI 2.24–2.37), central pain syndrome (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.94–2.60), and fibromyalgia/muscle pain (OR 2.23; 95% CI 2.20–2.26), all P < 0.0005. Tear film dysfunction was most closely associated with osteoarthritis (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.96–1.98) and postherpetic neuralgia (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.90–2.00), both P < 0.0005.
Conclusions:. Dry eye, including both ocular pain and tear film dysfunction, is comorbid with pain conditions in this nationwide population, implying common mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:06:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-710c6649f9a14f55ba269e85cb931d5f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2471-2531 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:06:08Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PAIN Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-710c6649f9a14f55ba269e85cb931d5f2022-12-22T03:56:06ZengWolters KluwerPAIN Reports2471-25312017-12-0126e62910.1097/PR9.0000000000000629201712000-00003Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran populationCharity J. Lee0Roy C. Levitt1Elizabeth R. Felix2Constantine D. Sarantopoulos3Anat Galor4aMiami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USAaMiami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USAaMiami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USAcDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USAaMiami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USAAbstract. Introduction:. Recent evidence suggests that dry eye (DE) may be comorbid with other chronic pain conditions. Objectives:. To evaluate DE as a comorbid condition in the U.S. veteran population. Methods:. Retrospective review of veterans seen in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System (Veteran Affairs) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Dry eye and nonocular pain disorders were ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Dry eye was further separated into ICD-9 codes representing tear film dysfunction or ocular pain. χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to examine frequency and risk of DE, ocular pain, and tear film dysfunction by pain disorders. Results:. Of 3,265,894 veterans, 959,881 had a DE diagnosis (29.4%). Dry eye frequency increased with the number of pain conditions reported (P < 0.0005). Ocular pain was most strongly associated with headache (odds ratio [OR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.95–3.01), tension headache (OR 2.64; 95% CI 2.58–2.71), migraine (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.54–2.61), temporomandibular joint dysfunction (OR 2.39; 95% CI 2.34–2.44), pelvic pain (OR 2.30; 95% CI 2.24–2.37), central pain syndrome (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.94–2.60), and fibromyalgia/muscle pain (OR 2.23; 95% CI 2.20–2.26), all P < 0.0005. Tear film dysfunction was most closely associated with osteoarthritis (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.96–1.98) and postherpetic neuralgia (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.90–2.00), both P < 0.0005. Conclusions:. Dry eye, including both ocular pain and tear film dysfunction, is comorbid with pain conditions in this nationwide population, implying common mechanisms.http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000629 |
| spellingShingle | Charity J. Lee Roy C. Levitt Elizabeth R. Felix Constantine D. Sarantopoulos Anat Galor Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population PAIN Reports |
| title | Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population |
| title_full | Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population |
| title_fullStr | Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population |
| title_short | Evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a U.S. veteran population |
| title_sort | evidence that dry eye is a comorbid pain condition in a u s veteran population |
| url | http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000629 |
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