Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Salinity stress deleteriously affects the growth and yield of many plants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan both play an important role in combating salinity stress and improving plant growth under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the impa...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1180 |
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| author | Muneera D. F. ALKahtani Kotb A. Attia Yaser M. Hafez Naeem Khan Ahmed M. Eid Mohamed A. M. Ali Khaled A. A. Abdelaal |
| author_facet | Muneera D. F. ALKahtani Kotb A. Attia Yaser M. Hafez Naeem Khan Ahmed M. Eid Mohamed A. M. Ali Khaled A. A. Abdelaal |
| author_sort | Muneera D. F. ALKahtani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinity stress deleteriously affects the growth and yield of many plants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan both play an important role in combating salinity stress and improving plant growth under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of PGPR and chitosan on the growth of sweet pepper plant grown under different salinity regimes. For this purpose, two pot experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the role of PGPR (<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> MH161336 10<sup>6–8</sup> CFU/cm<sup>3</sup>) applied as seed treatment and foliar application of chitosan (30 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>) on sweet pepper plants (cv. Yolo Wonder) under two salinity concentrations (34 and 68 mM). Our findings revealed that, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (<i>Fv/Fm</i> ratio), chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> concentrations, relative water content (RWC), and fruit yield characters were negatively affected and significantly reduced under salinity conditions. The higher concentration was more harmful. Nevertheless, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) significantly increased in stressed plants. However, the application of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and chitosan led to improved plant growth and resulted in a significant increase in RWC, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (<i>Fv/Fm</i> ratio), and fruit yield. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, and H<i><sub>2</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> were significantly reduced in stressed plants. Also, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and chitosan application regulated the proline accumulation and enzyme activity, as well as increased the number of fruit plant<sup>−1</sup>, fruit fresh weight plant<sup>−1</sup>, and total fruit yield of sweet pepper grown under saline conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:34:54Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:34:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-710eedad7c01436a9e6f76124593613a2023-11-20T09:53:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-08-01108118010.3390/agronomy10081180Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting RhizobacteriaMuneera D. F. ALKahtani0Kotb A. Attia1Yaser M. Hafez2Naeem Khan3Ahmed M. Eid4Mohamed A. M. Ali5Khaled A. A. Abdelaal6Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh POX 102275-11675, Saudi ArabiaCenter of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh POX 2455-11451, Saudi ArabiaPlant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, EgyptDepartment of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USABotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, EgyptDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, El-Kharga, New Valley 72511, EgyptExcellence Center (EPCRS), Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, EgyptSalinity stress deleteriously affects the growth and yield of many plants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan both play an important role in combating salinity stress and improving plant growth under adverse environmental conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of PGPR and chitosan on the growth of sweet pepper plant grown under different salinity regimes. For this purpose, two pot experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the role of PGPR (<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> MH161336 10<sup>6–8</sup> CFU/cm<sup>3</sup>) applied as seed treatment and foliar application of chitosan (30 mg dm<sup>−3</sup>) on sweet pepper plants (cv. Yolo Wonder) under two salinity concentrations (34 and 68 mM). Our findings revealed that, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (<i>Fv/Fm</i> ratio), chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> concentrations, relative water content (RWC), and fruit yield characters were negatively affected and significantly reduced under salinity conditions. The higher concentration was more harmful. Nevertheless, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) significantly increased in stressed plants. However, the application of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and chitosan led to improved plant growth and resulted in a significant increase in RWC, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (<i>Fv/Fm</i> ratio), and fruit yield. Conversely, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, and H<i><sub>2</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> were significantly reduced in stressed plants. Also, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and chitosan application regulated the proline accumulation and enzyme activity, as well as increased the number of fruit plant<sup>−1</sup>, fruit fresh weight plant<sup>−1</sup>, and total fruit yield of sweet pepper grown under saline conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1180sweet peppersalinity<i>Bacillus</i>chitosanchlorophyll fluorescencefruit yield |
| spellingShingle | Muneera D. F. ALKahtani Kotb A. Attia Yaser M. Hafez Naeem Khan Ahmed M. Eid Mohamed A. M. Ali Khaled A. A. Abdelaal Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Agronomy sweet pepper salinity <i>Bacillus</i> chitosan chlorophyll fluorescence fruit yield |
| title | Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria |
| title_full | Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria |
| title_fullStr | Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria |
| title_short | Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Antioxidant Defense System Can Display Salt Tolerance of Salt Acclimated Sweet Pepper Plants Treated with Chitosan and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria |
| title_sort | chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant defense system can display salt tolerance of salt acclimated sweet pepper plants treated with chitosan and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria |
| topic | sweet pepper salinity <i>Bacillus</i> chitosan chlorophyll fluorescence fruit yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1180 |
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