Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications
The mustache toads <i>Leptobrachium boringii</i> and <i>Leptobrachium liui</i> are two attractive species in Megophryidae, in which adult males have mustache-like keratinized nuptial spines on their upper lip. However, both are under threat due to multiple factors, of which s...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/768 |
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| author | Qiang Zhou Hong-Mei Xiang Ming-Yao Zhang Ying Liu Zhi-Rong Gu Xiang-Ying Lan Jin-Xiu Wang Wan-Sheng Jiang |
| author_facet | Qiang Zhou Hong-Mei Xiang Ming-Yao Zhang Ying Liu Zhi-Rong Gu Xiang-Ying Lan Jin-Xiu Wang Wan-Sheng Jiang |
| author_sort | Qiang Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mustache toads <i>Leptobrachium boringii</i> and <i>Leptobrachium liui</i> are two attractive species in Megophryidae, in which adult males have mustache-like keratinized nuptial spines on their upper lip. However, both are under threat due to multiple factors, of which scientific studies are still very limited. In this study, two new complete mitochondrial genomes of <i>L. boringii</i> and <i>L. liui</i> were sequenced, assembled, and annotated based on next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome lengths of <i>L. boringii</i> and <i>L. liui</i> were found to be 17,100 and 17,501 bp, respectively, with both containing 13 protein coding genes, 23 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 non-coding control region. Nucleotide diversity analyses indicate that <i>atp8</i>, <i>atp6</i>, and <i>nad2</i> showed higher nucleotide diversity than <i>cox1</i>, <i>cox3,</i> and <i>cytb</i>. The intraspecific genetic distances among three different populations of <i>L. boringii</i> exceed 4%, and those between two populations of <i>L. liui</i> reach 7%. Phylogenetic relationships support their division into two subfamilies of Megophryidae (Leptobrachiinae and Megophryinae) as well as two species groups within <i>Leptobrachium,</i> corresponding to the number of keratinized nuptial spines (10–48 in the <i>L. boringii</i> species group vs. 2–6 in the <i>L. liui</i> species group). The two new mitogenomes reported in this study provide valuable data for future molecular evolutionary and conservation studies of the genus <i>Leptobrachium</i> and other Megophryidae toads. |
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| issn | 2073-4425 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:29:06Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-71134d82c4b6442989bbffd1203967522023-11-17T11:19:11ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-03-0114376810.3390/genes14030768Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic ImplicationsQiang Zhou0Hong-Mei Xiang1Ming-Yao Zhang2Ying Liu3Zhi-Rong Gu4Xiang-Ying Lan5Jin-Xiu Wang6Wan-Sheng Jiang7Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaZhangjiajie National Forest Park, Zhangjiajie 427400, ChinaNational Nature Reserve of Badagongshan, Zhangjiajie 427100, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie 427000, ChinaThe mustache toads <i>Leptobrachium boringii</i> and <i>Leptobrachium liui</i> are two attractive species in Megophryidae, in which adult males have mustache-like keratinized nuptial spines on their upper lip. However, both are under threat due to multiple factors, of which scientific studies are still very limited. In this study, two new complete mitochondrial genomes of <i>L. boringii</i> and <i>L. liui</i> were sequenced, assembled, and annotated based on next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome lengths of <i>L. boringii</i> and <i>L. liui</i> were found to be 17,100 and 17,501 bp, respectively, with both containing 13 protein coding genes, 23 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 1 non-coding control region. Nucleotide diversity analyses indicate that <i>atp8</i>, <i>atp6</i>, and <i>nad2</i> showed higher nucleotide diversity than <i>cox1</i>, <i>cox3,</i> and <i>cytb</i>. The intraspecific genetic distances among three different populations of <i>L. boringii</i> exceed 4%, and those between two populations of <i>L. liui</i> reach 7%. Phylogenetic relationships support their division into two subfamilies of Megophryidae (Leptobrachiinae and Megophryinae) as well as two species groups within <i>Leptobrachium,</i> corresponding to the number of keratinized nuptial spines (10–48 in the <i>L. boringii</i> species group vs. 2–6 in the <i>L. liui</i> species group). The two new mitogenomes reported in this study provide valuable data for future molecular evolutionary and conservation studies of the genus <i>Leptobrachium</i> and other Megophryidae toads.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/768Megophryidaemitochondrial genomenext-generation sequencingphylogenetic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Qiang Zhou Hong-Mei Xiang Ming-Yao Zhang Ying Liu Zhi-Rong Gu Xiang-Ying Lan Jin-Xiu Wang Wan-Sheng Jiang Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications Genes Megophryidae mitochondrial genome next-generation sequencing phylogenetic analysis |
| title | Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications |
| title_full | Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications |
| title_fullStr | Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications |
| title_short | Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Leptobrachium</i> (Anura: Megophryidae: Leptobrachiinae): Characteristics, Population Divergences, and Phylogenetic Implications |
| title_sort | two complete mitochondrial genomes of i leptobrachium i anura megophryidae leptobrachiinae characteristics population divergences and phylogenetic implications |
| topic | Megophryidae mitochondrial genome next-generation sequencing phylogenetic analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/3/768 |
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