Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting
Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. Although hypertension in adults and the elderly is more common, adolescent hypertension has increased in the past two decades. Hypertension at an early age affects cognitive performance and increases the risk...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Airlangga
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Amerta Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/AMNT/article/view/32161 |
| _version_ | 1827919089704632320 |
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| author | Rifka Annisa Aura Nuradina Widya Asih Lestari Imas Arumsari |
| author_facet | Rifka Annisa Aura Nuradina Widya Asih Lestari Imas Arumsari |
| author_sort | Rifka Annisa Aura Nuradina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. Although hypertension in adults and the elderly is more common, adolescent hypertension has increased in the past two decades. Hypertension at an early age affects cognitive performance and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and premature death in the future. The risk factors of hypertension are often related to urban populations' unhealthy lifestyles.
Objectives: To investigate the risk factors of hypertension among urban adolescents.
Methods: This case-control study matched by age and sex was conducted between January – July 2021 in Tangerang City, Indonesia, involving 66 adolescents. Blood pressure was measured two times using Omron® automated sphygmomanometer. The BMI defines nutritional status for age. High-sodium food sources, fruit and vegetable, and coffee consumption were assessed using an SQ-FFQ. The statistical analysis used was a Chi-square test (95% CI).
Results: The results show there is a significant relationship between nutritional status [p=0.001, OR (95%CI)= 6.133 (2.111 – 17.824)] and high-sodium food source consumption [p=0.001, OR(95%CI)= 6.824 (1.958 – 23.782)] with hypertension. There is no significant relationship between coffee [p=0.613, OR (95%CI)= 3,200 (0,315 – 32,475)], fruit [p=0.071, OR(95%CI)= 2.604(0.911– 7.445)] and vegetable [p= 0.125, OR(95%CI)= 2.222(0.795 – 6.211)] consumption with hypertension.
Conclusions: Overweight and sodium consumption increases the risk of adolescent hypertension. These factors can be modified and improved by increasing a healthy lifestyle, mainly in the urban. Future strategic interventions addressing adolescents' unhealthy lifestyles (high consumption of fat, sodium, sugar, and low physical activity) should be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:51:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7117fc2000df4a7d877d176a8128d41a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2580-1163 2580-9776 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:51:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Amerta Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-7117fc2000df4a7d877d176a8128d41a2023-06-22T09:46:54ZengUniversitas AirlanggaAmerta Nutrition2580-11632580-97762023-06-017227427810.20473/amnt.v7i2.2023.274-27826368Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban SettingRifka Annisa Aura Nuradina0Widya Asih Lestari1Imas Arumsari2Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta, IndonesiaBackground: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease development. Although hypertension in adults and the elderly is more common, adolescent hypertension has increased in the past two decades. Hypertension at an early age affects cognitive performance and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and premature death in the future. The risk factors of hypertension are often related to urban populations' unhealthy lifestyles. Objectives: To investigate the risk factors of hypertension among urban adolescents. Methods: This case-control study matched by age and sex was conducted between January – July 2021 in Tangerang City, Indonesia, involving 66 adolescents. Blood pressure was measured two times using Omron® automated sphygmomanometer. The BMI defines nutritional status for age. High-sodium food sources, fruit and vegetable, and coffee consumption were assessed using an SQ-FFQ. The statistical analysis used was a Chi-square test (95% CI). Results: The results show there is a significant relationship between nutritional status [p=0.001, OR (95%CI)= 6.133 (2.111 – 17.824)] and high-sodium food source consumption [p=0.001, OR(95%CI)= 6.824 (1.958 – 23.782)] with hypertension. There is no significant relationship between coffee [p=0.613, OR (95%CI)= 3,200 (0,315 – 32,475)], fruit [p=0.071, OR(95%CI)= 2.604(0.911– 7.445)] and vegetable [p= 0.125, OR(95%CI)= 2.222(0.795 – 6.211)] consumption with hypertension. Conclusions: Overweight and sodium consumption increases the risk of adolescent hypertension. These factors can be modified and improved by increasing a healthy lifestyle, mainly in the urban. Future strategic interventions addressing adolescents' unhealthy lifestyles (high consumption of fat, sodium, sugar, and low physical activity) should be considered.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/AMNT/article/view/32161adolescenthypertensionsodiumoverweighturban |
| spellingShingle | Rifka Annisa Aura Nuradina Widya Asih Lestari Imas Arumsari Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting Amerta Nutrition adolescent hypertension sodium overweight urban |
| title | Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting |
| title_full | Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting |
| title_fullStr | Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting |
| title_short | Overweight and High Sodium Intake Increased Risk of Hypertension among Adolescents: A Case-Control Study in Urban Setting |
| title_sort | overweight and high sodium intake increased risk of hypertension among adolescents a case control study in urban setting |
| topic | adolescent hypertension sodium overweight urban |
| url | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/AMNT/article/view/32161 |
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