Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation
The division of the apical meristem into two independently functioning axes is defined as dichotomous branching. This type of branching typically occurs in non-vascular and non-seed vascular plants, whereas in seed plants it presents a primary growth form only in several taxa. Dichotomy is a complex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2014.00263/full |
| _version_ | 1818287730510004224 |
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| author | Edyta M. Gola |
| author_facet | Edyta M. Gola |
| author_sort | Edyta M. Gola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The division of the apical meristem into two independently functioning axes is defined as dichotomous branching. This type of branching typically occurs in non-vascular and non-seed vascular plants, whereas in seed plants it presents a primary growth form only in several taxa. Dichotomy is a complex process, which requires a re-organization of the meristem structure and causes changes in the apex geometry and activity. However, the mechanisms governing the repetitive apex divisions are hardly known. Here, an overview of dichotomous branching is presented, occurring in structurally different apices of phylogenetically distant plants, and in various organs (e.g. shoots, roots, rhizophores). Additionally, morphogenetic effects of dichotomy are reviewed, including its impact on organogenesis and mechanical constraints. At the end, the hormonal and genetic regulation of the dichotomous branching is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:45:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-711876846d054e988c7452532cdb8a34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:45:08Z |
| publishDate | 2014-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-711876846d054e988c7452532cdb8a342022-12-22T00:03:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2014-06-01510.3389/fpls.2014.0026385905Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcationEdyta M. Gola0University of Wrocław, Institute of Experimental BiologyThe division of the apical meristem into two independently functioning axes is defined as dichotomous branching. This type of branching typically occurs in non-vascular and non-seed vascular plants, whereas in seed plants it presents a primary growth form only in several taxa. Dichotomy is a complex process, which requires a re-organization of the meristem structure and causes changes in the apex geometry and activity. However, the mechanisms governing the repetitive apex divisions are hardly known. Here, an overview of dichotomous branching is presented, occurring in structurally different apices of phylogenetically distant plants, and in various organs (e.g. shoots, roots, rhizophores). Additionally, morphogenetic effects of dichotomy are reviewed, including its impact on organogenesis and mechanical constraints. At the end, the hormonal and genetic regulation of the dichotomous branching is discussed.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2014.00263/fulldichotomyterminal branchingapical cellapical meristemsmeristem bifurcation |
| spellingShingle | Edyta M. Gola Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation Frontiers in Plant Science dichotomy terminal branching apical cell apical meristems meristem bifurcation |
| title | Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| title_full | Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| title_fullStr | Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| title_short | Dichotomous branching: the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| title_sort | dichotomous branching the plant form and integrity upon the apical meristem bifurcation |
| topic | dichotomy terminal branching apical cell apical meristems meristem bifurcation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2014.00263/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT edytamgola dichotomousbranchingtheplantformandintegrityupontheapicalmeristembifurcation |