2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation
Salt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.697184/full |
| _version_ | 1818718982882983936 |
|---|---|
| author | Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang |
| author_facet | Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang |
| author_sort | Mingfu Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product in plants. However, to date, no study has investigated the effects of 2KGA on ASA metabolism and salt stress. Here, we evaluated the potential of using 2KGA to improve crop resistance to salt stress (100mM NaCl) through a cultivation experiment of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The results showed that the leaf and root biomass were significantly improved by 2KGA application. The levels of metabolites and enzymes related to stress resistance were increased, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were alleviated following 2KGA treatment. Positive correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes, ASA and photosynthetic pigments, and ASA and antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between antioxidant enzymes and H2O2/MDA. Moreover, the expression levels of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dehydroascorbate reductase-3, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 2KGA treatment. These results suggested that exogenous 2KGA application can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth, and the promotion of ASA synthesis may represent a critical underlying mechanism. Our findings have significant implications for the future application of 2KGA or its fermentation residue in agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:59:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:59:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7120a607a574493daa28b33983714d312022-12-21T21:34:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-11-011210.3389/fpls.2021.6971846971842-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid AccumulationMingfu Gao0Mingfu Gao1Hao Sun2Hao Sun3Meijun Shi4Meijun Shi5Qiqi Wu6Qiqi Wu7Dongxu Ji8Dongxu Ji9Bing Wang10Bing Wang11Lixin Zhang12Yang Liu13Litao Han14Xicheng Ruan15Hui Xu16Hui Xu17Weichao Yang18Weichao Yang19Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaCAS Engineering Laboratory for Green Fertilizers, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, ChinaYikang Environment Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Shenyang, ChinaYikang Environment Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Shenyang, ChinaYikang Environment Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Shenyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaCAS Engineering Laboratory for Green Fertilizers, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaCAS Engineering Laboratory for Green Fertilizers, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, ChinaSalt stress has long been a prominent obstacle that restricts crop growth, and increasing the L-ascorbic acid (ASA) content of crops is an effective means of alleviating this stress. 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) is a precursor used in industrial ASA production as well as an ASA degradation product in plants. However, to date, no study has investigated the effects of 2KGA on ASA metabolism and salt stress. Here, we evaluated the potential of using 2KGA to improve crop resistance to salt stress (100mM NaCl) through a cultivation experiment of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). The results showed that the leaf and root biomass were significantly improved by 2KGA application. The levels of metabolites and enzymes related to stress resistance were increased, whereas the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were alleviated following 2KGA treatment. Positive correlations were found between photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes, ASA and photosynthetic pigments, and ASA and antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, negative correlations were observed between antioxidant enzymes and H2O2/MDA. Moreover, the expression levels of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, dehydroascorbate reductase-3, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 2KGA treatment. These results suggested that exogenous 2KGA application can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt stress on plant growth, and the promotion of ASA synthesis may represent a critical underlying mechanism. Our findings have significant implications for the future application of 2KGA or its fermentation residue in agriculture.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.697184/full2-keto-L-gulonic acidL-ascorbic acidorganic acidsalt stresslipid peroxidationnon-heading Chinese cabbage |
| spellingShingle | Mingfu Gao Mingfu Gao Hao Sun Hao Sun Meijun Shi Meijun Shi Qiqi Wu Qiqi Wu Dongxu Ji Dongxu Ji Bing Wang Bing Wang Lixin Zhang Yang Liu Litao Han Xicheng Ruan Hui Xu Hui Xu Weichao Yang Weichao Yang 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation Frontiers in Plant Science 2-keto-L-gulonic acid L-ascorbic acid organic acid salt stress lipid peroxidation non-heading Chinese cabbage |
| title | 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation |
| title_full | 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation |
| title_fullStr | 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation |
| title_short | 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid Improved the Salt Stress Resistance of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage by Increasing L-Ascorbic Acid Accumulation |
| title_sort | 2 keto l gulonic acid improved the salt stress resistance of non heading chinese cabbage by increasing l ascorbic acid accumulation |
| topic | 2-keto-L-gulonic acid L-ascorbic acid organic acid salt stress lipid peroxidation non-heading Chinese cabbage |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.697184/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingfugao 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT mingfugao 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT haosun 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT haosun 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT meijunshi 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT meijunshi 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT qiqiwu 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT qiqiwu 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT dongxuji 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT dongxuji 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT bingwang 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT bingwang 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT lixinzhang 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT yangliu 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT litaohan 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT xichengruan 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT huixu 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT huixu 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT weichaoyang 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation AT weichaoyang 2ketolgulonicacidimprovedthesaltstressresistanceofnonheadingchinesecabbagebyincreasinglascorbicacidaccumulation |