Genomic Structure, Replication and Epidemiology of Norovirus
Norovirus is an RNA virus that causes commonly sporadic gastroenteritis or foodborne and waterborne outbreaks in children and adults. Its genomic organization includes three open reading frames (ORF) ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 which encode the structural and the nonstructural proteins. ORF1 encodes the non...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi
2012-03-01
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| Series: | Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.floradergisi.org/getFileContent.aspx?op=REDPDF&file_name=2012-17-01-001-010.pdf |
| Summary: | Norovirus is an RNA virus that causes commonly sporadic gastroenteritis or foodborne and waterborne outbreaks in children and adults. Its genomic organization includes three open reading frames (ORF) ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 which encode the structural and the nonstructural proteins. ORF1 encodes the non-structural polyprotein, ORF2 encodes VP1 which is the structural major capsid protein and ORF3 encodes structural protein VP2. Noroviruses are subdivided into five genogroups according to the nucleotide sequence similarity. Genogroups infecting humans are GI, GII and GIV. Genogroup GIII infects bovine species, genogroup GV infects murine species. Due to the lack of an in vitro culture system, noroviruses replication is not elucidated, however several studies are carried out using the culture of other genogroups infecting animals. Around the world and in Turkey as well as norovirüs can infect every age groups of people, outbreaks commonly occur in communities containing rather children and elderly population. Genogroup II and especially genotype GII.4 strains are responsible from the bulk of these outbreaks. Genogroup II is followed by GI and GIV is seen less common. GI and GII genogroups were detected in an outbreak that occurred in Turkey in 2008. In a few studies had been carried out about norovirus in our country genogroup GII is detected more often. Especially, studies involved children with acute gastroenteritis are prominent and approximately 10-17% norovirüs positivity is detected. In the laboratory diagnosis of noroviruses reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard to determine the genogroups, however ELISA and immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests are in common use for quick results. |
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| ISSN: | 1300-932X 1300-932X |