Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development.
Several highly conserved genes play a role in anterior neural plate patterning of vertebrates and in head and brain patterning of insects. However, head involution in Drosophila has impeded a systematic identification of genes required for insect head formation. Therefore, we use the red flour beetl...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3245309?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818179168478691328 |
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| author | Nico Posnien Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Koniszewski Hendrikje Jeannette Hein Gregor Bucher |
| author_facet | Nico Posnien Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Koniszewski Hendrikje Jeannette Hein Gregor Bucher |
| author_sort | Nico Posnien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several highly conserved genes play a role in anterior neural plate patterning of vertebrates and in head and brain patterning of insects. However, head involution in Drosophila has impeded a systematic identification of genes required for insect head formation. Therefore, we use the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in order to comprehensively test the function of orthologs of vertebrate neural plate patterning genes for a function in insect head development. RNAi analysis reveals that most of these genes are indeed required for insect head capsule patterning, and we also identified several genes that had not been implicated in this process before. Furthermore, we show that Tc-six3/optix acts upstream of Tc-wingless, Tc-orthodenticle1, and Tc-eyeless to control anterior median development. Finally, we demonstrate that Tc-six3/optix is the first gene known to be required for the embryonic formation of the central complex, a midline-spanning brain part connected to the neuroendocrine pars intercerebralis. These functions are very likely conserved among bilaterians since vertebrate six3 is required for neuroendocrine and median brain development with certain mutations leading to holoprosencephaly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:59:35Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7134b68930a24d02ac9af5ccbcb1ac27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:59:35Z |
| publishDate | 2011-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7134b68930a24d02ac9af5ccbcb1ac272022-12-22T00:51:01ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042011-12-01712e100241610.1371/journal.pgen.1002416Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development.Nico PosnienNikolaus Dieter Bernhard KoniszewskiHendrikje Jeannette HeinGregor BucherSeveral highly conserved genes play a role in anterior neural plate patterning of vertebrates and in head and brain patterning of insects. However, head involution in Drosophila has impeded a systematic identification of genes required for insect head formation. Therefore, we use the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in order to comprehensively test the function of orthologs of vertebrate neural plate patterning genes for a function in insect head development. RNAi analysis reveals that most of these genes are indeed required for insect head capsule patterning, and we also identified several genes that had not been implicated in this process before. Furthermore, we show that Tc-six3/optix acts upstream of Tc-wingless, Tc-orthodenticle1, and Tc-eyeless to control anterior median development. Finally, we demonstrate that Tc-six3/optix is the first gene known to be required for the embryonic formation of the central complex, a midline-spanning brain part connected to the neuroendocrine pars intercerebralis. These functions are very likely conserved among bilaterians since vertebrate six3 is required for neuroendocrine and median brain development with certain mutations leading to holoprosencephaly.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3245309?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Nico Posnien Nikolaus Dieter Bernhard Koniszewski Hendrikje Jeannette Hein Gregor Bucher Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. PLoS Genetics |
| title | Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. |
| title_full | Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. |
| title_fullStr | Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. |
| title_short | Candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle Tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. |
| title_sort | candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3245309?pdf=render |
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