Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach
The identification of noninvasive biomarkers able to detect renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at an early stage remains an unmet clinical need. The recognition that altered metabolism is a core hallmark of cancer boosted metabolomic studies focused in the search for cancer biomarkers. The present work aims...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/5/174 |
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| author | Filipa Amaro Joana Pinto Sílvia Rocha Ana Margarida Araújo Vera Miranda-Gonçalves Carmen Jerónimo Rui Henrique Maria de Lourdes Bastos Márcia Carvalho Paula Guedes de Pinho |
| author_facet | Filipa Amaro Joana Pinto Sílvia Rocha Ana Margarida Araújo Vera Miranda-Gonçalves Carmen Jerónimo Rui Henrique Maria de Lourdes Bastos Márcia Carvalho Paula Guedes de Pinho |
| author_sort | Filipa Amaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The identification of noninvasive biomarkers able to detect renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at an early stage remains an unmet clinical need. The recognition that altered metabolism is a core hallmark of cancer boosted metabolomic studies focused in the search for cancer biomarkers. The present work aims to evaluate the performance of the volatile metabolites present in the extracellular medium to discriminate RCC cell lines with distinct histological subtypes (clear cell and papillary) and metastatic potential from non-tumorigenic renal cells. Hence, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Multivariate and univariate analysis unveiled a panel of metabolites responsible for the separation between groups, mostly belonging to ketones, alcohols, alkanes and aldehydes classes. Some metabolites were found similarly altered for all RCC cell lines compared to non-tumorigenic cells, namely 2-ethylhexanol, tetradecane, formaldehyde, acetone (increased) and cyclohexanone and acetaldehyde (decreased). Furthermore, significantly altered levels of cyclohexanol, decanal, decane, dodecane and 4-methylbenzaldehyde were observed in all metastatic RCC cell lines when compared with the non-metastatic ones. Moreover, some alterations in the volatile composition were also observed between RCC histological subtypes. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of volatile profiling for identification of noninvasive candidate biomarkers for early RCC diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:11:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-713eb8ceee8e46ccb0b4a4bf2d0d6830 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:11:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-713eb8ceee8e46ccb0b4a4bf2d0d68302023-11-19T22:53:35ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-04-0110517410.3390/metabo10050174Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro ApproachFilipa Amaro0Joana Pinto1Sílvia Rocha2Ana Margarida Araújo3Vera Miranda-Gonçalves4Carmen Jerónimo5Rui Henrique6Maria de Lourdes Bastos7Márcia Carvalho8Paula Guedes de Pinho9UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalCancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Centre (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Centre (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, PortugalCancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Centre (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalUCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalThe identification of noninvasive biomarkers able to detect renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at an early stage remains an unmet clinical need. The recognition that altered metabolism is a core hallmark of cancer boosted metabolomic studies focused in the search for cancer biomarkers. The present work aims to evaluate the performance of the volatile metabolites present in the extracellular medium to discriminate RCC cell lines with distinct histological subtypes (clear cell and papillary) and metastatic potential from non-tumorigenic renal cells. Hence, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile carbonyl compounds (VCCs) were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Multivariate and univariate analysis unveiled a panel of metabolites responsible for the separation between groups, mostly belonging to ketones, alcohols, alkanes and aldehydes classes. Some metabolites were found similarly altered for all RCC cell lines compared to non-tumorigenic cells, namely 2-ethylhexanol, tetradecane, formaldehyde, acetone (increased) and cyclohexanone and acetaldehyde (decreased). Furthermore, significantly altered levels of cyclohexanol, decanal, decane, dodecane and 4-methylbenzaldehyde were observed in all metastatic RCC cell lines when compared with the non-metastatic ones. Moreover, some alterations in the volatile composition were also observed between RCC histological subtypes. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of volatile profiling for identification of noninvasive candidate biomarkers for early RCC diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/5/174renal cell carcinomacell linesmetabolomicsvolatile compoundsHS-SPME/GC–MSbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Filipa Amaro Joana Pinto Sílvia Rocha Ana Margarida Araújo Vera Miranda-Gonçalves Carmen Jerónimo Rui Henrique Maria de Lourdes Bastos Márcia Carvalho Paula Guedes de Pinho Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach Metabolites renal cell carcinoma cell lines metabolomics volatile compounds HS-SPME/GC–MS biomarkers |
| title | Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach |
| title_full | Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach |
| title_fullStr | Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach |
| title_short | Volatilomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Approach |
| title_sort | volatilomics reveals potential biomarkers for identification of renal cell carcinoma an in vitro approach |
| topic | renal cell carcinoma cell lines metabolomics volatile compounds HS-SPME/GC–MS biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/5/174 |
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