The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em>
The walnut twig beetle, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis </i>Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i>, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/3/156 |
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| author | Yigen Chen Brian H. Aukema Steven J. Seybold |
| author_facet | Yigen Chen Brian H. Aukema Steven J. Seybold |
| author_sort | Yigen Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The walnut twig beetle, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis </i>Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i>, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week’s catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of <i>P. juglandis</i> increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:24:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-714caf641ec14912b72e3dc2bdadcdf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:24:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-714caf641ec14912b72e3dc2bdadcdf32022-12-22T00:48:21ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-03-0111315610.3390/insects11030156insects11030156The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em>Yigen Chen0Brian H. Aukema1Steven J. Seybold2Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAUSDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA 95618, USAThe walnut twig beetle, <i>Pityophthorus juglandis </i>Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus <i>Geosmithia morbida</i>, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week’s catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of <i>P. juglandis</i> increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/3/156climatehumidityinvasive speciesjuglans nigraregression analysisscolytidaetemperaturethousand cankers diseasewalnut twig beetleweather |
| spellingShingle | Yigen Chen Brian H. Aukema Steven J. Seybold The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> Insects climate humidity invasive species juglans nigra regression analysis scolytidae temperature thousand cankers disease walnut twig beetle weather |
| title | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> |
| title_full | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> |
| title_short | The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, <em>Pityophthorus juglandis</em> |
| title_sort | effects of weather on the flight of an invasive bark beetle em pityophthorus juglandis em |
| topic | climate humidity invasive species juglans nigra regression analysis scolytidae temperature thousand cankers disease walnut twig beetle weather |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/3/156 |
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