Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet
A 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing olive by-products and green tea extracts supplemented to a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and liver healt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2415 |
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| author | Jiacheng Liu Min Xue Sofia Morais Maolong He Hao Wang Jie Wang Jose J. Pastor Rui A. Gonçalves Xiaofang Liang |
| author_facet | Jiacheng Liu Min Xue Sofia Morais Maolong He Hao Wang Jie Wang Jose J. Pastor Rui A. Gonçalves Xiaofang Liang |
| author_sort | Jiacheng Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing olive by-products and green tea extracts supplemented to a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and liver health of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control high fishmeal (40%) and low soybean meal (15.57%) diet (named HFM), (2) a reduced fishmeal (30%) and high soybean meal (30.97%) diet (named HSB), and (3) a HSB diet supplemented with the PFA at 500 mg/kg (named HSB+P). Each diet was assigned to four replicate tanks, each containing 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 48.33 ± 0.01 g). The results showed that increasing the soybean meal content in the diet did not negatively affect growth performance, whereas supplementation with PFA significantly increased weight gain and specific growth rate of largemouth bass compared to both HFM and HSB groups. Reducing fishmeal and increasing soybean meal in the diet caused oxidative stress with a higher content of ROS in the liver. However, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was enhanced, with reduced ROS and increased GSH-Px levels in the HSB+P group. Moreover, the decrease of plasma TG, LDL-C, and LDL-C/TC, and downregulation of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis gene expression in liver, indicated that supplementation with the PFA improved fish lipid metabolism. Protein retention efficiency was also significantly increased in largemouth bass fed the diet with PFA supplementation, which regulated (enhanced) AKT-mTOR phosphorylation. These results clearly indicated that a PFA containing olive by-product and green tea extracts can positively improve growth performance, protein retention efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass fed a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7150d7e9bc8c4eb49afd5b4c1740ee3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7150d7e9bc8c4eb49afd5b4c1740ee3b2023-11-24T12:57:41ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-12-011112241510.3390/antiox11122415Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal DietJiacheng Liu0Min Xue1Sofia Morais2Maolong He3Hao Wang4Jie Wang5Jose J. Pastor6Rui A. Gonçalves7Xiaofang Liang8National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaAnimal Science Unit, Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., 08193 Bellaterra, SpainInnovation Division, Lucta (Guangzhou) Flavours Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaAnimal Science Unit, Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., 08193 Bellaterra, SpainAnimal Science Unit, Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., 08193 Bellaterra, SpainNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaA 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing olive by-products and green tea extracts supplemented to a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and liver health of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control high fishmeal (40%) and low soybean meal (15.57%) diet (named HFM), (2) a reduced fishmeal (30%) and high soybean meal (30.97%) diet (named HSB), and (3) a HSB diet supplemented with the PFA at 500 mg/kg (named HSB+P). Each diet was assigned to four replicate tanks, each containing 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 48.33 ± 0.01 g). The results showed that increasing the soybean meal content in the diet did not negatively affect growth performance, whereas supplementation with PFA significantly increased weight gain and specific growth rate of largemouth bass compared to both HFM and HSB groups. Reducing fishmeal and increasing soybean meal in the diet caused oxidative stress with a higher content of ROS in the liver. However, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was enhanced, with reduced ROS and increased GSH-Px levels in the HSB+P group. Moreover, the decrease of plasma TG, LDL-C, and LDL-C/TC, and downregulation of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis gene expression in liver, indicated that supplementation with the PFA improved fish lipid metabolism. Protein retention efficiency was also significantly increased in largemouth bass fed the diet with PFA supplementation, which regulated (enhanced) AKT-mTOR phosphorylation. These results clearly indicated that a PFA containing olive by-product and green tea extracts can positively improve growth performance, protein retention efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass fed a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2415largemouth basssoybean mealphytogenic feed additiveantioxidant capacitylipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Jiacheng Liu Min Xue Sofia Morais Maolong He Hao Wang Jie Wang Jose J. Pastor Rui A. Gonçalves Xiaofang Liang Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet Antioxidants largemouth bass soybean meal phytogenic feed additive antioxidant capacity lipid metabolism |
| title | Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet |
| title_full | Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet |
| title_fullStr | Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet |
| title_short | Effects of a Phytogenic Supplement Containing Olive By-Product and Green Tea Extracts on Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity in Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Fed a High Soybean Meal Diet |
| title_sort | effects of a phytogenic supplement containing olive by product and green tea extracts on growth performance lipid metabolism and hepatic antioxidant capacity in largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i fed a high soybean meal diet |
| topic | largemouth bass soybean meal phytogenic feed additive antioxidant capacity lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2415 |
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