A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration
Orthopedic tumor resection, trauma, or degenerative disease surgeries can result in large bone defects and often require bone grafting. However, standard autologous bone grafting has been associated with donor site morbidity and/or limited quantity. As an alternate, allografts with or without metall...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.654518/full |
| _version_ | 1818887867664957440 |
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| author | Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Li Li Li Li Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna M. Scott Taylor Brian Gaerke Michael H. Weber Michael H. Weber Derek H. Rosenzweig Derek H. Rosenzweig Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund |
| author_facet | Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Li Li Li Li Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna M. Scott Taylor Brian Gaerke Michael H. Weber Michael H. Weber Derek H. Rosenzweig Derek H. Rosenzweig Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund |
| author_sort | Rayan Fairag |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Orthopedic tumor resection, trauma, or degenerative disease surgeries can result in large bone defects and often require bone grafting. However, standard autologous bone grafting has been associated with donor site morbidity and/or limited quantity. As an alternate, allografts with or without metallic or polyether-etherketone have been used as grafting substitutes. However, these may have drawbacks as well, including stress shielding, pseudarthrosis, disease-transmission, and infection. There is therefore a need for alternative bone substitutes, such as the use of mechanically compliant three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds. Several off-the-shelf materials are available for low-cost fused deposition 3D printing such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). We have previously described the feasibility of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds to support cell activity and extracellular matrix deposition. In this study, we investigate two medical-grade filaments consistent with specifications found in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for semi-crystalline polylactide polymers for surgical implants, a pure polymer (100M) and a copolymeric material (7415) for their cytocompatibility and suitability in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, we assessed the impact on osteo-inductive properties with the addition of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) minerals and assessed their mechanical properties. 100M and 7415 scaffolds with the additive β-TCP demonstrated superior mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation detected via increased alkaline phosphatase activity (6-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively) and mineralized matrix deposition (14-fold and 5-fold, respectively) in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated in vivo compatibility, biosafety and bone repair potential in a rat femur window defect model. 100M+β-TCP implants displayed a positive biosafety profile and showed significantly enhanced new bone formation compared to 100M implants evidenced by μCT (39 versus 25% bone volume/tissue volume ratio) and histological analysis 6 weeks post-implantation. These scaffolds are encouraging composite biomaterials for repairing bone applications with a great potential for clinical translation. Further analyses are required with appropriate evaluation in a larger critical-sized defect animal model with long-term follow-up. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:44:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7167700d007a4b368d90645b0c64e403 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:44:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7167700d007a4b368d90645b0c64e4032022-12-21T20:13:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-07-01910.3389/fcell.2021.654518654518A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and RegenerationRayan Fairag0Rayan Fairag1Rayan Fairag2Li Li3Li Li4Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna5M. Scott Taylor6Brian Gaerke7Michael H. Weber8Michael H. Weber9Derek H. Rosenzweig10Derek H. Rosenzweig11Lisbet Haglund12Lisbet Haglund13Lisbet Haglund14Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaPoly-Med Inc., Anderson, SC, United StatesPoly-Med Inc., Anderson, SC, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaResearch Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, CanadaShriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, CanadaOrthopedic tumor resection, trauma, or degenerative disease surgeries can result in large bone defects and often require bone grafting. However, standard autologous bone grafting has been associated with donor site morbidity and/or limited quantity. As an alternate, allografts with or without metallic or polyether-etherketone have been used as grafting substitutes. However, these may have drawbacks as well, including stress shielding, pseudarthrosis, disease-transmission, and infection. There is therefore a need for alternative bone substitutes, such as the use of mechanically compliant three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds. Several off-the-shelf materials are available for low-cost fused deposition 3D printing such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). We have previously described the feasibility of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds to support cell activity and extracellular matrix deposition. In this study, we investigate two medical-grade filaments consistent with specifications found in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for semi-crystalline polylactide polymers for surgical implants, a pure polymer (100M) and a copolymeric material (7415) for their cytocompatibility and suitability in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, we assessed the impact on osteo-inductive properties with the addition of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) minerals and assessed their mechanical properties. 100M and 7415 scaffolds with the additive β-TCP demonstrated superior mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation detected via increased alkaline phosphatase activity (6-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively) and mineralized matrix deposition (14-fold and 5-fold, respectively) in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated in vivo compatibility, biosafety and bone repair potential in a rat femur window defect model. 100M+β-TCP implants displayed a positive biosafety profile and showed significantly enhanced new bone formation compared to 100M implants evidenced by μCT (39 versus 25% bone volume/tissue volume ratio) and histological analysis 6 weeks post-implantation. These scaffolds are encouraging composite biomaterials for repairing bone applications with a great potential for clinical translation. Further analyses are required with appropriate evaluation in a larger critical-sized defect animal model with long-term follow-up.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.654518/full3D printingβ-TCPbone repairbone substitutescaffoldcomposite |
| spellingShingle | Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Rayan Fairag Li Li Li Li Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna M. Scott Taylor Brian Gaerke Michael H. Weber Michael H. Weber Derek H. Rosenzweig Derek H. Rosenzweig Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund Lisbet Haglund A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 3D printing β-TCP bone repair bone substitute scaffold composite |
| title | A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration |
| title_full | A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration |
| title_short | A Composite Lactide-Mineral 3D-Printed Scaffold for Bone Repair and Regeneration |
| title_sort | composite lactide mineral 3d printed scaffold for bone repair and regeneration |
| topic | 3D printing β-TCP bone repair bone substitute scaffold composite |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.654518/full |
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