Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review
The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> and C...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/863 |
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| author | Isha Das Abhra Chanda Anirban Akhand Sugata Hazra |
| author_facet | Isha Das Abhra Chanda Anirban Akhand Sugata Hazra |
| author_sort | Isha Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> [<i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub>] and air–water CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO<sub>2</sub> emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub>, enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub> and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-<i>a</i> concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH<sub>4</sub> in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and water-to-air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future. |
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| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:50:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-716a8efed93d4e39bd774dbfc399c4c62023-11-17T20:04:39ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-03-0113486310.3390/life13040863Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A ReviewIsha Das0Abhra Chanda1Anirban Akhand2Sugata Hazra3School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaSchool of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaDepartment of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaThe present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> [<i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub>] and air–water CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO<sub>2</sub> emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub>, enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and <i>p</i>CH<sub>4(water)</sub> and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-<i>a</i> concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH<sub>4</sub> in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the <i>p</i>CO<sub>2(water)</sub> and water-to-air CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/863air–water CH<sub>4</sub> fluxair–water CO<sub>2</sub> fluxdissolved inorganic carbondissolved organic carbonpartial pressure of CH<sub>4</sub>partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Isha Das Abhra Chanda Anirban Akhand Sugata Hazra Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review Life air–water CH<sub>4</sub> flux air–water CO<sub>2</sub> flux dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved organic carbon partial pressure of CH<sub>4</sub> partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title | Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review |
| title_full | Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review |
| title_short | Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review |
| title_sort | carbon biogeochemistry of the estuaries adjoining the indian sundarbans mangrove ecosystem a review |
| topic | air–water CH<sub>4</sub> flux air–water CO<sub>2</sub> flux dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved organic carbon partial pressure of CH<sub>4</sub> partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/863 |
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