Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase
Nematic phases are some of the most common phases among the lyotropic liquid crystalline structures. They have been widely investigated during last decades. In early studies, two uniaxial nematic phases (discotic, ND, and calamitic, NC) were identified. After the discovery of the third one, named bi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/3/158 |
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| author | Erol Akpinar Antônio Martins Figueiredo Neto |
| author_facet | Erol Akpinar Antônio Martins Figueiredo Neto |
| author_sort | Erol Akpinar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nematic phases are some of the most common phases among the lyotropic liquid crystalline structures. They have been widely investigated during last decades. In early studies, two uniaxial nematic phases (discotic, ND, and calamitic, NC) were identified. After the discovery of the third one, named biaxial nematic phase (NB) in 1980, however, some controversies in the stability of biaxial nematic phases began and still continue in the literature. From the theoretical point of view, the existence of a biaxial nematic phase is well established. This review aims to bring information about the historical development of those phases considering the early studies and then summarize the recent studies on how to stabilize different nematic phases from the experimental conditions, especially, choosing the suitable constituents of lyotropic mixtures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:36:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-716b0fd6fc684a619f3f57d167e20a67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:36:32Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-716b0fd6fc684a619f3f57d167e20a672022-12-22T02:57:53ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522019-03-019315810.3390/cryst9030158cryst9030158Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic MesophaseErol Akpinar0Antônio Martins Figueiredo Neto1Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 14030, Golkoy, Bolu 14030, TurkeyInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, São Paulo-SP 05508-090, BrazilNematic phases are some of the most common phases among the lyotropic liquid crystalline structures. They have been widely investigated during last decades. In early studies, two uniaxial nematic phases (discotic, ND, and calamitic, NC) were identified. After the discovery of the third one, named biaxial nematic phase (NB) in 1980, however, some controversies in the stability of biaxial nematic phases began and still continue in the literature. From the theoretical point of view, the existence of a biaxial nematic phase is well established. This review aims to bring information about the historical development of those phases considering the early studies and then summarize the recent studies on how to stabilize different nematic phases from the experimental conditions, especially, choosing the suitable constituents of lyotropic mixtures.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/3/158Lyotropic liquid crystalsuniaxial nematic phasebiaxial nematic phasestabilization of nematic phasesmicellesurfactants |
| spellingShingle | Erol Akpinar Antônio Martins Figueiredo Neto Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase Crystals Lyotropic liquid crystals uniaxial nematic phase biaxial nematic phase stabilization of nematic phases micelle surfactants |
| title | Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase |
| title_full | Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase |
| title_short | Experimental Conditions for the Stabilization of the Lyotropic Biaxial Nematic Mesophase |
| title_sort | experimental conditions for the stabilization of the lyotropic biaxial nematic mesophase |
| topic | Lyotropic liquid crystals uniaxial nematic phase biaxial nematic phase stabilization of nematic phases micelle surfactants |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/9/3/158 |
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