Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts
(1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> (<i>S. oleoides</i>) and <i>Salvadora persica</i> (<i>S. persica</i>) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| author | Arifa Khanam Ashfaq Ahmad Neelam Iftikhar Qasim Ali Tabinda Fatima Farhan Khashim Alswailmi Abdullah Ijaz Hussain Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser Jamshaid Akhtar |
| author_facet | Arifa Khanam Ashfaq Ahmad Neelam Iftikhar Qasim Ali Tabinda Fatima Farhan Khashim Alswailmi Abdullah Ijaz Hussain Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser Jamshaid Akhtar |
| author_sort | Arifa Khanam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> (<i>S. oleoides</i>) and <i>Salvadora persica</i> (<i>S. persica</i>) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial parts and fruits of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> were collected from the periphery of District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Methanol extracts were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction technique. Extract yield varied from 8.15 to 19.6 g/100 g dry plant material. RP-HPLC revealed the detection of thirteen phenolic aids and five flavonoids. Gallic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinamic acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin, rutin, and myricetin were the flavonoids detected. (3) Results: Maximum total phenolic contents (TPCs) (22.2 mg/g of dry plant material) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) (6.17 mg/g of dry plant material) were found in the fruit extract of <i>S. persica</i>, and the minimum TPC (11.9 mg/g) and TFC (1.72 mg/g) were found in the aerial part of <i>S. oleoides.</i> The fruit extract of <i>S. persica</i> showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of all the extracts was performed on albumin-induced rat paw edema that was comparable with the standard indomethacin; <i>S. persica</i> fruit extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity of aerial part and fruit extracts of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> was investigated using a mouse model, and the results showed that maximum possible analgesia of fruit extracts of <i>S. persica</i> was 53.44%, which is better than the PC group (52.98%). (4) Conclusions: The variations in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> were found to be significant, and they have therapeutic potential as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:22:29Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:22:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-716dab1f19854dc3bd14c8778d3232392023-11-23T17:24:17ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-09-01129144610.3390/life12091446Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part ExtractsArifa Khanam0Ashfaq Ahmad1Neelam Iftikhar2Qasim Ali3Tabinda Fatima4Farhan Khashim Alswailmi5Abdullah Ijaz Hussain6Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser7Jamshaid Akhtar8Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Allama Lqbal Medical College, Lahore 54700, Pakistan(1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> (<i>S. oleoides</i>) and <i>Salvadora persica</i> (<i>S. persica</i>) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial parts and fruits of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> were collected from the periphery of District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Methanol extracts were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction technique. Extract yield varied from 8.15 to 19.6 g/100 g dry plant material. RP-HPLC revealed the detection of thirteen phenolic aids and five flavonoids. Gallic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinamic acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin, rutin, and myricetin were the flavonoids detected. (3) Results: Maximum total phenolic contents (TPCs) (22.2 mg/g of dry plant material) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) (6.17 mg/g of dry plant material) were found in the fruit extract of <i>S. persica</i>, and the minimum TPC (11.9 mg/g) and TFC (1.72 mg/g) were found in the aerial part of <i>S. oleoides.</i> The fruit extract of <i>S. persica</i> showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of all the extracts was performed on albumin-induced rat paw edema that was comparable with the standard indomethacin; <i>S. persica</i> fruit extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity of aerial part and fruit extracts of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> was investigated using a mouse model, and the results showed that maximum possible analgesia of fruit extracts of <i>S. persica</i> was 53.44%, which is better than the PC group (52.98%). (4) Conclusions: The variations in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of <i>S. oleoides</i> and <i>S. persica</i> were found to be significant, and they have therapeutic potential as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/9/1446phenolic acidflavonoidsDPPH radical scavenging activityanti-inflammatory activitymaximum possible analgesia |
| spellingShingle | Arifa Khanam Ashfaq Ahmad Neelam Iftikhar Qasim Ali Tabinda Fatima Farhan Khashim Alswailmi Abdullah Ijaz Hussain Sulaiman Mohammed Abdullah Alnasser Jamshaid Akhtar Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts Life phenolic acid flavonoids DPPH radical scavenging activity anti-inflammatory activity maximum possible analgesia |
| title | Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts |
| title_full | Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts |
| title_short | Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of <i>Salvadora oleoides</i> Decene. and <i>Salvadora persica</i> L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts |
| title_sort | variation in phenolic profile antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities of i salvadora oleoides i decene and i salvadora persica i l fruits and aerial part extracts |
| topic | phenolic acid flavonoids DPPH radical scavenging activity anti-inflammatory activity maximum possible analgesia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/9/1446 |
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