Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities
Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2805 |
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| author | Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni |
| author_facet | Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni |
| author_sort | Yiling Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and amyloid-β<sub>25–35</sub> peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC<sub>50</sub> 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:29:34Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:29:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-716dc87687574ba3a5ec41884f0006ef2023-11-22T23:22:18ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-11-011011280510.3390/foods10112805Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective ActivitiesYiling Fan0Xueying Li1Lan Ding2Weiying Zhou3Guangzhi Xu4Yan Wang5Youzuo Zhang6Qinxue Ni7Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaAgricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaFood and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaGardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and amyloid-β<sub>25–35</sub> peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC<sub>50</sub> 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2805Gardeniae fructusaccelerated solvent extractioncharacteristic compoundsantioxidantacetylcholinesterase inhibitoryPC12 cell |
| spellingShingle | Yiling Fan Xueying Li Lan Ding Weiying Zhou Guangzhi Xu Yan Wang Youzuo Zhang Qinxue Ni Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities Foods Gardeniae fructus accelerated solvent extraction characteristic compounds antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory PC12 cell |
| title | Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities |
| title_full | Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities |
| title_fullStr | Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities |
| title_short | Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities |
| title_sort | accelerated solvent extraction of antioxidant compounds from gardeniae fructus and its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and pc12 cell protective activities |
| topic | Gardeniae fructus accelerated solvent extraction characteristic compounds antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory PC12 cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2805 |
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