Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A*
In this paper, we investigate the astrophysical processes of stellar-mass black holes (sMBHs) embedded in advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. The sMBH is undergoing Bondi accretion at a rate lower than the SMBH. Ou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0bd9 |
| _version_ | 1797402193588912128 |
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| author | Jian-Min Wang Jun-Rong Liu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Yang Songsheng Ye-Fei Yuan Luis C. Ho |
| author_facet | Jian-Min Wang Jun-Rong Liu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Yang Songsheng Ye-Fei Yuan Luis C. Ho |
| author_sort | Jian-Min Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we investigate the astrophysical processes of stellar-mass black holes (sMBHs) embedded in advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. The sMBH is undergoing Bondi accretion at a rate lower than the SMBH. Outflows from the sMBH-ADAF dynamically interact with their surroundings and form a cavity inside the SMBH-ADAF, thereby quenching the accretion onto the sMBH. Rejuvenation of the Bondi accretion is rapidly done by turbulence. These processes give rise to quasi-periodic episodes of sMBH activities and create flickerings from relativistic jets developed by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism if the sMBH is maximally rotating. Accumulating successive sMBH-outflows trigger a viscous instability of the SMBH-ADAF, leading to a flare following a series of flickerings. Recently, the similarity of near-infrared flare’s orbits has been found by GRAVITY/VLTI astrometric observations of Sgr A ^∗ : their loci during the last 4 yr consist of a ring in agreement with the well-determined SMBH mass. We apply the present model to Sgr A*, which shows quasi-periodic flickerings. An sMBH of ∼40 M _⊙ is preferred orbiting around the central SMBH of Sgr A* from fitting radio to X-ray continuum. Such an extreme mass ratio inspiraling provides an excellent laboratory for LISA/Taiji/Tianqin detection of mHz gravitational waves with strains of ∼10 ^−17 , as well as their polarization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:20:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-716edd5c7fc648909a5b92a652b735df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:20:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-716edd5c7fc648909a5b92a652b735df2023-12-06T17:41:23ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019582L4010.3847/2041-8213/ad0bd9Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A*Jian-Min Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9268Jun-Rong Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-7804Yan-Rong Li2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-9179Yu-Yang Songsheng3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-7191Ye-Fei Yuan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-4756Luis C. Ho5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatory of China, 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100020, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaKavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaIn this paper, we investigate the astrophysical processes of stellar-mass black holes (sMBHs) embedded in advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. The sMBH is undergoing Bondi accretion at a rate lower than the SMBH. Outflows from the sMBH-ADAF dynamically interact with their surroundings and form a cavity inside the SMBH-ADAF, thereby quenching the accretion onto the sMBH. Rejuvenation of the Bondi accretion is rapidly done by turbulence. These processes give rise to quasi-periodic episodes of sMBH activities and create flickerings from relativistic jets developed by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism if the sMBH is maximally rotating. Accumulating successive sMBH-outflows trigger a viscous instability of the SMBH-ADAF, leading to a flare following a series of flickerings. Recently, the similarity of near-infrared flare’s orbits has been found by GRAVITY/VLTI astrometric observations of Sgr A ^∗ : their loci during the last 4 yr consist of a ring in agreement with the well-determined SMBH mass. We apply the present model to Sgr A*, which shows quasi-periodic flickerings. An sMBH of ∼40 M _⊙ is preferred orbiting around the central SMBH of Sgr A* from fitting radio to X-ray continuum. Such an extreme mass ratio inspiraling provides an excellent laboratory for LISA/Taiji/Tianqin detection of mHz gravitational waves with strains of ∼10 ^−17 , as well as their polarization.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0bd9Active galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Jian-Min Wang Jun-Rong Liu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Yang Songsheng Ye-Fei Yuan Luis C. Ho Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* The Astrophysical Journal Letters Active galaxies |
| title | Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* |
| title_full | Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* |
| title_fullStr | Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* |
| title_short | Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: The Low-luminosity Cases and an Application to Sgr A* |
| title_sort | accretion modified stars in accretion disks of active galactic nuclei the low luminosity cases and an application to sgr a |
| topic | Active galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0bd9 |
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