Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/2998 |
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| author | Jan Bilski Agata Schramm-Luc Marian Szczepanik Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały Joanna Bonior Kevin Luc Klaudia Zawojska Joanna Szklarczyk |
| author_facet | Jan Bilski Agata Schramm-Luc Marian Szczepanik Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały Joanna Bonior Kevin Luc Klaudia Zawojska Joanna Szklarczyk |
| author_sort | Jan Bilski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines modulate immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in RA. Although most adipokines have a pro-inflammatory and aggravating effect on RA, some could counteract this pathological process. The coexistence of RA and sarcopenic obesity (SO) has gained attention due to its impact on disease severity and outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting potential interactions between these tissues in RA. This review summarizes the roles of adipokines in RA, particularly in inflammation, immune modulation, and joint destruction. In addition, it explores the emerging role of adipomyokines, specifically irisin and myostatin, in the pathogenesis of RA and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting adipokines and adipomyokines in RA management and highlight the challenges and future directions for research in this field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:59:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71796a1ded2142618e03e6c86fc32686 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:59:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-71796a1ded2142618e03e6c86fc326862023-11-24T14:31:06ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-11-011111299810.3390/biomedicines11112998Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic TargetsJan Bilski0Agata Schramm-Luc1Marian Szczepanik2Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały3Joanna Bonior4Kevin Luc5Klaudia Zawojska6Joanna Szklarczyk7Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandChair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, PolandRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines modulate immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in RA. Although most adipokines have a pro-inflammatory and aggravating effect on RA, some could counteract this pathological process. The coexistence of RA and sarcopenic obesity (SO) has gained attention due to its impact on disease severity and outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting potential interactions between these tissues in RA. This review summarizes the roles of adipokines in RA, particularly in inflammation, immune modulation, and joint destruction. In addition, it explores the emerging role of adipomyokines, specifically irisin and myostatin, in the pathogenesis of RA and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting adipokines and adipomyokines in RA management and highlight the challenges and future directions for research in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/2998rheumatoid arthritisadipokinesadipose tissueskeletal musclemyokinesinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Jan Bilski Agata Schramm-Luc Marian Szczepanik Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały Joanna Bonior Kevin Luc Klaudia Zawojska Joanna Szklarczyk Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Biomedicines rheumatoid arthritis adipokines adipose tissue skeletal muscle myokines inflammation |
| title | Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full | Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_fullStr | Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_short | Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_sort | adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets |
| topic | rheumatoid arthritis adipokines adipose tissue skeletal muscle myokines inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/11/2998 |
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