Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe
Soya, one of the most economically important crops, is sensitive to periodic water deficits, which, because of climate change, are becoming more and more common in central Europe. The goal of this study was to estimate the water requirements of soybean from 1981 to 2020 in four provinces of central...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2429 |
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| author | Stanisław Rolbiecki Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz Barbara Jagosz Hicran A. Sadan Roman Rolbiecki Małgorzata Szczepanek Ewa Kanecka-Geszke Ariel Łangowski |
| author_facet | Stanisław Rolbiecki Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz Barbara Jagosz Hicran A. Sadan Roman Rolbiecki Małgorzata Szczepanek Ewa Kanecka-Geszke Ariel Łangowski |
| author_sort | Stanisław Rolbiecki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soya, one of the most economically important crops, is sensitive to periodic water deficits, which, because of climate change, are becoming more and more common in central Europe. The goal of this study was to estimate the water requirements of soybean from 1981 to 2020 in four provinces of central Poland and the rainfall deficits affecting soybean cultivation; the study also evaluates rainfall water use efficiency for soybean cultivated in production fields to investigate the future necessity of supplemental irrigation. Calculations were based on the values of monthly air temperature and the sum of precipitation. Soybean water requirements were calculated using the method of crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration was estimated using the Blaney–Criddle approach. Crop water requirements were defined as potential evapotranspiration. Precipitation deficits for soybean were estimated using the Ostromęcki method. Water use efficiency was calculated based on rainfall totals and soybean yield in the rainfed fields. It was found that, on average in the central Poland provinces, from 1981 to 2020, the water requirements of soybean in the growing season amounted to 384 mm, and the highest water requirements occurred in June and July. In the studied forty-year period, a significant upward trend in soybean water requirements in central Poland was observed, both from 1 May to 31 August and from 1 June to 31 August. Rainfall deficits in soybean cultivation in central Poland were found from May to August and amounted to 123 mm in normal years (N<sub>50%</sub>). The rainfall water use efficiency from April to August for soybean cultivated in central Poland on average amounted to 6.6 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> mm<sup>−1</sup> and varied in individual years and regions. The results of the study indicate the need to develop supplemental irrigation systems for soybean crops cultivated in central Poland and other areas of the world with similar climate conditions to optimize yield and the sustainable use of water resources. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-717bb2725bac4bafa6e32c50b99c06b32023-11-19T09:12:10ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-09-01139242910.3390/agronomy13092429Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central EuropeStanisław Rolbiecki0Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz1Barbara Jagosz2Hicran A. Sadan3Roman Rolbiecki4Małgorzata Szczepanek5Ewa Kanecka-Geszke6Ariel Łangowski7Department of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandInstitute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, PolandDepartment of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Agronomy, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, PolandInstitute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, 05-090 Raszyn, PolandDepartment of Agrometeorology, Plant Irrigation and Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, PolandSoya, one of the most economically important crops, is sensitive to periodic water deficits, which, because of climate change, are becoming more and more common in central Europe. The goal of this study was to estimate the water requirements of soybean from 1981 to 2020 in four provinces of central Poland and the rainfall deficits affecting soybean cultivation; the study also evaluates rainfall water use efficiency for soybean cultivated in production fields to investigate the future necessity of supplemental irrigation. Calculations were based on the values of monthly air temperature and the sum of precipitation. Soybean water requirements were calculated using the method of crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration was estimated using the Blaney–Criddle approach. Crop water requirements were defined as potential evapotranspiration. Precipitation deficits for soybean were estimated using the Ostromęcki method. Water use efficiency was calculated based on rainfall totals and soybean yield in the rainfed fields. It was found that, on average in the central Poland provinces, from 1981 to 2020, the water requirements of soybean in the growing season amounted to 384 mm, and the highest water requirements occurred in June and July. In the studied forty-year period, a significant upward trend in soybean water requirements in central Poland was observed, both from 1 May to 31 August and from 1 June to 31 August. Rainfall deficits in soybean cultivation in central Poland were found from May to August and amounted to 123 mm in normal years (N<sub>50%</sub>). The rainfall water use efficiency from April to August for soybean cultivated in central Poland on average amounted to 6.6 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> mm<sup>−1</sup> and varied in individual years and regions. The results of the study indicate the need to develop supplemental irrigation systems for soybean crops cultivated in central Poland and other areas of the world with similar climate conditions to optimize yield and the sustainable use of water resources.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2429evapotranspirationglobal warmingrainfall deficitsoybeansupplemental irrigationrainfall water use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Stanisław Rolbiecki Wiesława Kasperska-Wołowicz Barbara Jagosz Hicran A. Sadan Roman Rolbiecki Małgorzata Szczepanek Ewa Kanecka-Geszke Ariel Łangowski Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe Agronomy evapotranspiration global warming rainfall deficit soybean supplemental irrigation rainfall water use efficiency |
| title | Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe |
| title_full | Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe |
| title_fullStr | Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe |
| title_short | Water and Irrigation Requirements of <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. in 1981–2020 in Central Poland, Central Europe |
| title_sort | water and irrigation requirements of i glycine max i l merr in 1981 2020 in central poland central europe |
| topic | evapotranspiration global warming rainfall deficit soybean supplemental irrigation rainfall water use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2429 |
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