Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers

Several parameters determine the performance of free electron lasers: the slice and the projected emittance, the slice energy spread, and the peak current are the most crucial ones. The peak current is essentially obtained by magnetic compression stages along the machine or occasionally assisted by...

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Main Authors: S. Bettoni, M. Pedrozzi, S. Reiche
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2015-12-01
Series:Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.123403
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author S. Bettoni
M. Pedrozzi
S. Reiche
author_facet S. Bettoni
M. Pedrozzi
S. Reiche
author_sort S. Bettoni
collection DOAJ
description Several parameters determine the performance of free electron lasers: the slice and the projected emittance, the slice energy spread, and the peak current are the most crucial ones. The peak current is essentially obtained by magnetic compression stages along the machine or occasionally assisted by velocity bunching at low energy. The minimum emittance and the alignment of the slices along the bunch are mainly determined in the low energy part of the accelerator (injector). Variations at the per-mille level of several parameters in this section of the machine strongly influence these quantities with highly nonlinear dynamic. We developed a numerical tool to perform the optimization of the injector. We applied this code to optimize the SwissFEL injector, assuming different gun designs, initial bunch lengths and intrinsic emittances. We obtained an emittance along the bunch of 0.14 mm mrad and around 0.08 mm mrad for the maximum and the minimum SwissFEL charges (200 and 10 pC, respectively). We applied the same tool to a running injector, where we automatized the optimization of the machine.
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spelling doaj.art-717f16f9e32147429f2e00fbc0d39e622022-12-21T23:52:47ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams1098-44022015-12-01181212340310.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.123403Low emittance injector design for free electron lasersS. BettoniM. PedrozziS. ReicheSeveral parameters determine the performance of free electron lasers: the slice and the projected emittance, the slice energy spread, and the peak current are the most crucial ones. The peak current is essentially obtained by magnetic compression stages along the machine or occasionally assisted by velocity bunching at low energy. The minimum emittance and the alignment of the slices along the bunch are mainly determined in the low energy part of the accelerator (injector). Variations at the per-mille level of several parameters in this section of the machine strongly influence these quantities with highly nonlinear dynamic. We developed a numerical tool to perform the optimization of the injector. We applied this code to optimize the SwissFEL injector, assuming different gun designs, initial bunch lengths and intrinsic emittances. We obtained an emittance along the bunch of 0.14 mm mrad and around 0.08 mm mrad for the maximum and the minimum SwissFEL charges (200 and 10 pC, respectively). We applied the same tool to a running injector, where we automatized the optimization of the machine.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.123403
spellingShingle S. Bettoni
M. Pedrozzi
S. Reiche
Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams
title Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
title_full Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
title_fullStr Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
title_full_unstemmed Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
title_short Low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
title_sort low emittance injector design for free electron lasers
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.123403
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