Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes
Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/4/824 |
| _version_ | 1797626400066240512 |
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| author | Raghvendra Vishwakarma Kirk J. McManus |
| author_facet | Raghvendra Vishwakarma Kirk J. McManus |
| author_sort | Raghvendra Vishwakarma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:09:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71848154082a4826b0dc436e544136f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:09:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-71848154082a4826b0dc436e544136f92023-11-16T14:36:38ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-03-0112482410.3390/cancers12040824Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical OutcomesRaghvendra Vishwakarma0Kirk J. McManus1Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, CanadaResearch Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, CanadaChromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/4/824chromosome instabilitygenome instabilityaneuploidycancertumor heterogeneityprognosis |
| spellingShingle | Raghvendra Vishwakarma Kirk J. McManus Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes Cancers chromosome instability genome instability aneuploidy cancer tumor heterogeneity prognosis |
| title | Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes |
| title_full | Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes |
| title_fullStr | Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes |
| title_short | Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes |
| title_sort | chromosome instability implications in cancer development progression and clinical outcomes |
| topic | chromosome instability genome instability aneuploidy cancer tumor heterogeneity prognosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/4/824 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raghvendravishwakarma chromosomeinstabilityimplicationsincancerdevelopmentprogressionandclinicaloutcomes AT kirkjmcmanus chromosomeinstabilityimplicationsincancerdevelopmentprogressionandclinicaloutcomes |