Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data
Background: Vitamin D testing (VDT) and supplement use (VDS) are on the rise, but most patients remain deficient (<30 ng/mL-VDD). We designed the present real-world study to assess this paradox. Methods: We reviewed data from all patients visiting our clinics between 2014 and 2022. We estimated t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/111 |
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| author | Rodis D. Paparodis Dimitra Bantouna Evangelos Karvounis Ioannis Zoupas Sarantis Livadas Nicholas Angelopoulos Shahnawaz Imam Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou Juan C. Jaume |
| author_facet | Rodis D. Paparodis Dimitra Bantouna Evangelos Karvounis Ioannis Zoupas Sarantis Livadas Nicholas Angelopoulos Shahnawaz Imam Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou Juan C. Jaume |
| author_sort | Rodis D. Paparodis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Vitamin D testing (VDT) and supplement use (VDS) are on the rise, but most patients remain deficient (<30 ng/mL-VDD). We designed the present real-world study to assess this paradox. Methods: We reviewed data from all patients visiting our clinics between 2014 and 2022. We estimated the rate of patients with vitamin D adequacy (≥30 ng/mL) (VDA) by year and month of testing, the dose of VDS (low (≤1200 IU/day), medium (1201–3000 I/day) and high dose (>3000 IU/day)), intake duration (short-term (<12 months) and long-term use (≥12 months)), and timing of use (current use, former use, no use). Results: We enrolled n = 6912 subjects with vitamin D measurements: n = 5195 females (75.2%), age 44.0 ± 16.8 years, BMI 27.9 ± 6.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; never users: n = 5553 (80.3%), former users: n = 533 (7.7%), current users: n = 826 (12.0%). Current use of VDS was higher in females. VDT rose from 42.1% in 2014 to 92.7% in 2022, and VDA rose from 14.8% to 25.5% for the same time. VDA was found overall in n = 1511 (21.9%); Never users: n = 864 (15.6%), Former users: n = 123 (23.2%); and Current users: n = 370 (44.8%). The maximal VDA (67.9%) was found in subjects using high-dose VDS in the long term. Conclusions: Despite the significant rise in VDT and VDS use, VDA was found in a minority of patients. Prolonged use of high-dose supplements produces modest improvements in VDA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7199e88bf43e406390e41010985f4174 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:00:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7199e88bf43e406390e41010985f41742024-01-10T15:05:35ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-12-0116111110.3390/nu16010111Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World DataRodis D. Paparodis0Dimitra Bantouna1Evangelos Karvounis2Ioannis Zoupas3Sarantis Livadas4Nicholas Angelopoulos5Shahnawaz Imam6Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou7Juan C. Jaume8Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinics, Private Practice, 26221 Patras, GreeceHellenic Endocrine Network, 10682 Athens, GreeceEndocrine Surgery Center of Excellence, Euroclinic Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceSchool of Medicine, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceHellenic Endocrine Network, 10682 Athens, GreeceHellenic Endocrine Network, 10682 Athens, GreeceCenter for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USAHellenic Endocrine Network, 10682 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Medicine, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Loyola University Chicago, Hines, IL 60141, USABackground: Vitamin D testing (VDT) and supplement use (VDS) are on the rise, but most patients remain deficient (<30 ng/mL-VDD). We designed the present real-world study to assess this paradox. Methods: We reviewed data from all patients visiting our clinics between 2014 and 2022. We estimated the rate of patients with vitamin D adequacy (≥30 ng/mL) (VDA) by year and month of testing, the dose of VDS (low (≤1200 IU/day), medium (1201–3000 I/day) and high dose (>3000 IU/day)), intake duration (short-term (<12 months) and long-term use (≥12 months)), and timing of use (current use, former use, no use). Results: We enrolled n = 6912 subjects with vitamin D measurements: n = 5195 females (75.2%), age 44.0 ± 16.8 years, BMI 27.9 ± 6.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; never users: n = 5553 (80.3%), former users: n = 533 (7.7%), current users: n = 826 (12.0%). Current use of VDS was higher in females. VDT rose from 42.1% in 2014 to 92.7% in 2022, and VDA rose from 14.8% to 25.5% for the same time. VDA was found overall in n = 1511 (21.9%); Never users: n = 864 (15.6%), Former users: n = 123 (23.2%); and Current users: n = 370 (44.8%). The maximal VDA (67.9%) was found in subjects using high-dose VDS in the long term. Conclusions: Despite the significant rise in VDT and VDS use, VDA was found in a minority of patients. Prolonged use of high-dose supplements produces modest improvements in VDA.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/111vitamin D deficiencyvitamin D supplementationvitamin D insufficiencyvitamin D adequacycholecalciferol |
| spellingShingle | Rodis D. Paparodis Dimitra Bantouna Evangelos Karvounis Ioannis Zoupas Sarantis Livadas Nicholas Angelopoulos Shahnawaz Imam Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou Juan C. Jaume Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data Nutrients vitamin D deficiency vitamin D supplementation vitamin D insufficiency vitamin D adequacy cholecalciferol |
| title | Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data |
| title_full | Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data |
| title_fullStr | Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data |
| title_short | Intense Testing and Use of Vitamin D Supplements Leads to Slow Improvement in Vitamin D Adequacy Rates: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Real-World Data |
| title_sort | intense testing and use of vitamin d supplements leads to slow improvement in vitamin d adequacy rates a cross sectional analysis of real world data |
| topic | vitamin D deficiency vitamin D supplementation vitamin D insufficiency vitamin D adequacy cholecalciferol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/111 |
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