Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania
Background: Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011 |
| _version_ | 1797323774697144320 |
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| author | Humphrey D. Mazigo Emmanuela E. Ambrose Upendo J. Mwingira |
| author_facet | Humphrey D. Mazigo Emmanuela E. Ambrose Upendo J. Mwingira |
| author_sort | Humphrey D. Mazigo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on assessing the geographical prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its associated risk factors in pre-school children (PreSAC) in southern and north-western Tanzania. Methods: A total of 1585 PreSAC aged 1–6 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A single urine and stool sample were obtained from each child and processed using point-of-care circulating cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen and Kato Katz (KK) technique. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection based on KK technique and POC-CCA test were 18.6% (95%CI:16.7–20.6) and 28.3% (95%CI:26.1–30.6), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 110.38epg (95% CI:97.3–125.3). The age group 4–6 years had the highest prevalence (P < 0.01) of S. mansoni in both diagnostic tests and infection intensity (t = −2.8398, P < 0.005) using KK technique. On multivariable analysis, only Ukerewe district was associated with S. mansoni infection based on KK technique (aOR = 2.8 (95%CI:2.1–3.9), P < 0.001). Based on POC-CCA test, age group (4–6 years), aOR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.3–2.2, P < 0.001), Nyasa (aOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.0–12.5, P < 0.001), Geita (aOR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.1–8.2, P < 0.001) and Ukerewe (aOR = 28.9, 95%CI:15.0–55.8, P < 0.001) districts remained independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion: Schistosoma mansoni is a public health concern among PreSAC in the study districts and its prevalence varies from one geographical setting to another. These findings strongly support the need to include pre-school aged in preventive chemotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:34:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71a337e9501f4fe18a85c54e8d7a0999 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6731 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:34:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| spelling | doaj.art-71a337e9501f4fe18a85c54e8d7a09992024-02-06T04:12:23ZengElsevierParasite Epidemiology and Control2405-67312024-02-0124e00337Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western TanzaniaHumphrey D. Mazigo0Emmanuela E. Ambrose1Upendo J. Mwingira2Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania; Corresponding author at: School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health, and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Bugando Medical Centre, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, TanzaniaNational Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, 3 Barack Obama Drive, 11101 Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; RTI International, 701 13th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USABackground: Pediatric schistosomiasis has been recognized as a public health concern in schistosomiasis endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. However, there is limited epidemiological information relating to pediatric schistosomiasis in Tanzania. Therefore, this current focused on assessing the geographical prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its associated risk factors in pre-school children (PreSAC) in southern and north-western Tanzania. Methods: A total of 1585 PreSAC aged 1–6 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A single urine and stool sample were obtained from each child and processed using point-of-care circulating cathodic (POC-CCA) antigen and Kato Katz (KK) technique. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection based on KK technique and POC-CCA test were 18.6% (95%CI:16.7–20.6) and 28.3% (95%CI:26.1–30.6), respectively. The overall geometrical mean eggs per gram of faeces was 110.38epg (95% CI:97.3–125.3). The age group 4–6 years had the highest prevalence (P < 0.01) of S. mansoni in both diagnostic tests and infection intensity (t = −2.8398, P < 0.005) using KK technique. On multivariable analysis, only Ukerewe district was associated with S. mansoni infection based on KK technique (aOR = 2.8 (95%CI:2.1–3.9), P < 0.001). Based on POC-CCA test, age group (4–6 years), aOR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.3–2.2, P < 0.001), Nyasa (aOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.0–12.5, P < 0.001), Geita (aOR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.1–8.2, P < 0.001) and Ukerewe (aOR = 28.9, 95%CI:15.0–55.8, P < 0.001) districts remained independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Conclusion: Schistosoma mansoni is a public health concern among PreSAC in the study districts and its prevalence varies from one geographical setting to another. These findings strongly support the need to include pre-school aged in preventive chemotherapy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011Schistosoma mansoniPre-school childrenKato KatzPoint-of-Care circulating cathodic antigenTanzania |
| spellingShingle | Humphrey D. Mazigo Emmanuela E. Ambrose Upendo J. Mwingira Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania Parasite Epidemiology and Control Schistosoma mansoni Pre-school children Kato Katz Point-of-Care circulating cathodic antigen Tanzania |
| title | Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania |
| title_full | Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania |
| title_short | Where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in Tanzania? Geographical variation in prevalence, and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni in pre-school aged children in southern and north-western Tanzania |
| title_sort | where will pediatric praziquantel be needed in tanzania geographical variation in prevalence and risk factors of schistosoma mansoni in pre school aged children in southern and north western tanzania |
| topic | Schistosoma mansoni Pre-school children Kato Katz Point-of-Care circulating cathodic antigen Tanzania |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000011 |
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