Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity
Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) is the synthase that generates the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) upon DNA binding. cGAS was first discovered as the cytosolic DNA sensor that detects DNA exposed in the cytoplasm either from pathogens or cellular damage. Activated cGAS instigates the signalin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7842 |
| _version_ | 1797550097584619520 |
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| author | Yakun Wu Shitao Li |
| author_facet | Yakun Wu Shitao Li |
| author_sort | Yakun Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) is the synthase that generates the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) upon DNA binding. cGAS was first discovered as the cytosolic DNA sensor that detects DNA exposed in the cytoplasm either from pathogens or cellular damage. Activated cGAS instigates the signaling cascades to activate type I interferon (IFN) expression, critical for host defense and autoimmune diseases. In addition, cGAS plays a role in senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Recently, various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of cGAS have been reported, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glutamylation, and sumoylation. These PTMs profoundly affect cGAS functions. Thus, here we review the recent reported PTMs of cGAS and how these PTMs regulate cGAS enzymatic activity, DNA binding, and protein stability, and discuss the potential future directions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:24:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71a6b9da334142029c8a776eec56fa4d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:24:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-71a6b9da334142029c8a776eec56fa4d2023-11-20T18:10:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012121784210.3390/ijms21217842Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate ImmunityYakun Wu0Shitao Li1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USACyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) is the synthase that generates the second messenger cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) upon DNA binding. cGAS was first discovered as the cytosolic DNA sensor that detects DNA exposed in the cytoplasm either from pathogens or cellular damage. Activated cGAS instigates the signaling cascades to activate type I interferon (IFN) expression, critical for host defense and autoimmune diseases. In addition, cGAS plays a role in senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Recently, various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of cGAS have been reported, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glutamylation, and sumoylation. These PTMs profoundly affect cGAS functions. Thus, here we review the recent reported PTMs of cGAS and how these PTMs regulate cGAS enzymatic activity, DNA binding, and protein stability, and discuss the potential future directions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7842cGASinnate immunitypost-translational modificationphosphorylationubiquitinationacetylation |
| spellingShingle | Yakun Wu Shitao Li Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity International Journal of Molecular Sciences cGAS innate immunity post-translational modification phosphorylation ubiquitination acetylation |
| title | Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity |
| title_full | Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity |
| title_short | Role of Post-Translational Modifications of cGAS in Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | role of post translational modifications of cgas in innate immunity |
| topic | cGAS innate immunity post-translational modification phosphorylation ubiquitination acetylation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7842 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yakunwu roleofposttranslationalmodificationsofcgasininnateimmunity AT shitaoli roleofposttranslationalmodificationsofcgasininnateimmunity |