Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), widely used for pain relief across specie, poses significant toxicity risks. This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity profile of APAP by determining the median toxic dose (TD50) in a murine model. Sixty male Balb/c mice, aged 8 weeks an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine
2023-12-01
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| Series: | The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcovm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/Iraqijvm/article/view/1567 |
| _version_ | 1797265808299130880 |
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| author | Suhad H Hashem Falah M. K. AL-Rekabi Selman Ali |
| author_facet | Suhad H Hashem Falah M. K. AL-Rekabi Selman Ali |
| author_sort | Suhad H Hashem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), widely used for pain relief across specie, poses significant toxicity risks. This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity profile of APAP by determining the median toxic dose (TD50) in a murine model. Sixty male Balb/c mice, aged 8 weeks and weighing 20-30 g, were randomized into six equal groups. Five groups received single oral doses of APAP (150, 200, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg BW), while the control group received distilled water. The TD50 was computed utilizing the probit method. Animals were monitored for 24 h for any sign indicative of clinical toxicity. Post-exposure, liver and kidney necropsies were conducted for histopathological analysis. Predominant symptoms of toxicity included prostration, hematuria, heightened agitation, lacrimation, cyanosis, and recumbency across doses from 150 to 700 mg/kg BW. The TD50 for APAP was estimated to be 732 mg/kg BW. The liver histopathological examination of mice treated with 700 mg/kg BW APAP revealed severe multifocal hyper eosinophilic hepatocytes, indicating areas of centrilobular necrosis, disorganized hepatic cords, and multiple hemorrhage regions. The kidney examination exhibited no pathological changes in treated mice with 700 mg/kg BW APAP. In conclusion this investigation provides critical insights into the acute toxicity profile of APAP. The findings not only highlight the potential risk associated with APAP usage but also the necessity of strict monitoring for stringent dosage control. Further research is also needed to understand the underlying mechanism of APAP-induced toxicity and pave the way for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies to counter APAP overdose.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:24:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71a8782aaf6f498eb3d244640e457b33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1609-5693 2410-7409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:50:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-71a8782aaf6f498eb3d244640e457b332024-03-11T17:19:41ZengUniversity of Baghdad, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine1609-56932410-74092023-12-0147210.30539/9pts5w38Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in MiceSuhad H Hashem0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4200-5081Falah M. K. AL-Rekabi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-8215Selman Ali2Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad IraqDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad IraqInterdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP), widely used for pain relief across specie, poses significant toxicity risks. This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity profile of APAP by determining the median toxic dose (TD50) in a murine model. Sixty male Balb/c mice, aged 8 weeks and weighing 20-30 g, were randomized into six equal groups. Five groups received single oral doses of APAP (150, 200, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg BW), while the control group received distilled water. The TD50 was computed utilizing the probit method. Animals were monitored for 24 h for any sign indicative of clinical toxicity. Post-exposure, liver and kidney necropsies were conducted for histopathological analysis. Predominant symptoms of toxicity included prostration, hematuria, heightened agitation, lacrimation, cyanosis, and recumbency across doses from 150 to 700 mg/kg BW. The TD50 for APAP was estimated to be 732 mg/kg BW. The liver histopathological examination of mice treated with 700 mg/kg BW APAP revealed severe multifocal hyper eosinophilic hepatocytes, indicating areas of centrilobular necrosis, disorganized hepatic cords, and multiple hemorrhage regions. The kidney examination exhibited no pathological changes in treated mice with 700 mg/kg BW APAP. In conclusion this investigation provides critical insights into the acute toxicity profile of APAP. The findings not only highlight the potential risk associated with APAP usage but also the necessity of strict monitoring for stringent dosage control. Further research is also needed to understand the underlying mechanism of APAP-induced toxicity and pave the way for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies to counter APAP overdose. https://jcovm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/Iraqijvm/article/view/1567acute toxicityAcetaminophenMiceTD50Analgesic |
| spellingShingle | Suhad H Hashem Falah M. K. AL-Rekabi Selman Ali Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine acute toxicity Acetaminophen Mice TD50 Analgesic |
| title | Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Acetaminophen in Mice |
| title_sort | evaluation of the acute toxicity of acetaminophen in mice |
| topic | acute toxicity Acetaminophen Mice TD50 Analgesic |
| url | https://jcovm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/Iraqijvm/article/view/1567 |
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