Automated Event Detection and Classification in Soccer: The Potential of Using Multiple Modalities

Detecting events in videos is a complex task, and many different approaches, aimed at a large variety of use-cases, have been proposed in the literature. Most approaches, however, are unimodal and only consider the visual information in the videos. This paper presents and evaluates different approac...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Olav Andre Nergård Rongved, Markus Stige, Steven Alexander Hicks, Vajira Lasantha Thambawita, Cise Midoglu, Evi Zouganeli, Dag Johansen, Michael Alexander Riegler, Pål Halvorsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/3/4/51
Description
Summary:Detecting events in videos is a complex task, and many different approaches, aimed at a large variety of use-cases, have been proposed in the literature. Most approaches, however, are unimodal and only consider the visual information in the videos. This paper presents and evaluates different approaches based on neural networks where we combine visual features with audio features to detect (spot) and classify events in soccer videos. We employ model fusion to combine different modalities such as video and audio, and test these combinations against different state-of-the-art models on the SoccerNet dataset. The results show that a multimodal approach is beneficial. We also analyze how the tolerance for delays in classification and spotting time, and the tolerance for prediction accuracy, influence the results. Our experiments show that using multiple modalities improves event detection performance for certain types of events.
ISSN:2504-4990