A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle
<i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, causing significant economic losses in livestock. Though several studies have suggested that cytokine responses may influence infection caused by <i>Trypanosoma</i> sp., their exact rol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3191 |
| _version_ | 1797511499858575360 |
|---|---|
| author | Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior Paulo Henrique Sampaio Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves Rosangela Zacarias Machado Marcos Rogério André Gene Wijffels Fabiano Antonio Cadioli |
| author_facet | Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior Paulo Henrique Sampaio Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves Rosangela Zacarias Machado Marcos Rogério André Gene Wijffels Fabiano Antonio Cadioli |
| author_sort | Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, causing significant economic losses in livestock. Though several studies have suggested that cytokine responses may influence infection caused by <i>Trypanosoma</i> sp., their exact role remains unclear and may vary according to the animal species and parasite strain. The present study aimed to evaluate cytokine expression of peripheral blood cells from three Girolando dairy cows experimentally infected with <i>T. vivax</i>. For this purpose, blood samples were collected prior to the inoculation on the day of inoculation (D0), the day after inoculation (D1), and then every seven days up to 119 days after infection (DAI). Each animal presented a unique pattern of cytokine expression. While a tendency of a Th1 cytokine response was observed during the patent phase (presence of circulating parasites), an increase of Th2 cytokine expression was found at the beginning of the sub-patent phase (low parasitaemia or aparasitaemic periods). In animals that presented a better control of parasitaemia, IL-6 and IFNγ increased during most of the trial period. On the other hand, the cow that presented reduction of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα during the entire period did not control parasitaemia properly. A balance between the Th1 and Th2 profile is beneficial for parasite control and animal health. The results found in the present study are a first step towards elucidating the dynamics of cattle’s inflammatory response against <i>T. vivax</i>, requiring future studies focusing on the role of key cytokines on the controlling of parasitaemia in different stages of bovine trypanosomosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71baeb4cd1d74a3c997648f8ab7381c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-71baeb4cd1d74a3c997648f8ab7381c42023-11-22T22:06:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-11-011111319110.3390/ani11113191A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected CattleOtavio Luiz Fidelis Junior0Paulo Henrique Sampaio1Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves2Rosangela Zacarias Machado3Marcos Rogério André4Gene Wijffels5Fabiano Antonio Cadioli6Department of Veterinary Medicine, Vila Velha University (UVV), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo 21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, BrazilCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), 306 Carmody Rd, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, AustraliaLaboratory of Immunoparasitology, Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil<i>Trypanosoma vivax</i> outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, causing significant economic losses in livestock. Though several studies have suggested that cytokine responses may influence infection caused by <i>Trypanosoma</i> sp., their exact role remains unclear and may vary according to the animal species and parasite strain. The present study aimed to evaluate cytokine expression of peripheral blood cells from three Girolando dairy cows experimentally infected with <i>T. vivax</i>. For this purpose, blood samples were collected prior to the inoculation on the day of inoculation (D0), the day after inoculation (D1), and then every seven days up to 119 days after infection (DAI). Each animal presented a unique pattern of cytokine expression. While a tendency of a Th1 cytokine response was observed during the patent phase (presence of circulating parasites), an increase of Th2 cytokine expression was found at the beginning of the sub-patent phase (low parasitaemia or aparasitaemic periods). In animals that presented a better control of parasitaemia, IL-6 and IFNγ increased during most of the trial period. On the other hand, the cow that presented reduction of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα during the entire period did not control parasitaemia properly. A balance between the Th1 and Th2 profile is beneficial for parasite control and animal health. The results found in the present study are a first step towards elucidating the dynamics of cattle’s inflammatory response against <i>T. vivax</i>, requiring future studies focusing on the role of key cytokines on the controlling of parasitaemia in different stages of bovine trypanosomosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3191trypanosomosishost–parasite relationshipRT-qPCRTh1Th2 |
| spellingShingle | Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior Paulo Henrique Sampaio Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves Rosangela Zacarias Machado Marcos Rogério André Gene Wijffels Fabiano Antonio Cadioli A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle Animals trypanosomosis host–parasite relationship RT-qPCR Th1 Th2 |
| title | A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle |
| title_full | A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle |
| title_fullStr | A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle |
| title_short | A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells in <i>Trypanosoma vivax</i>-Experimentally Infected Cattle |
| title_sort | preliminary study on the relationship between parasitaemia and cytokine expression of peripheral blood cells in i trypanosoma vivax i experimentally infected cattle |
| topic | trypanosomosis host–parasite relationship RT-qPCR Th1 Th2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3191 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT otavioluizfidelisjunior apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT paulohenriquesampaio apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT luizricardogoncalves apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT rosangelazacariasmachado apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT marcosrogerioandre apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT genewijffels apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT fabianoantoniocadioli apreliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT otavioluizfidelisjunior preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT paulohenriquesampaio preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT luizricardogoncalves preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT rosangelazacariasmachado preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT marcosrogerioandre preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT genewijffels preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle AT fabianoantoniocadioli preliminarystudyontherelationshipbetweenparasitaemiaandcytokineexpressionofperipheralbloodcellsinitrypanosomavivaxiexperimentallyinfectedcattle |