Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration
Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the <i>de facto</i> standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to en...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/9 |
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| author | Andreas Frutiger Karl Gatterdam Yves Blickenstorfer Andreas Michael Reichmuth Christof Fattinger János Vörös |
| author_facet | Andreas Frutiger Karl Gatterdam Yves Blickenstorfer Andreas Michael Reichmuth Christof Fattinger János Vörös |
| author_sort | Andreas Frutiger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the <i>de facto</i> standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71bfb78fff76414c83391bb1ef86784b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-71bfb78fff76414c83391bb1ef86784b2023-11-21T02:02:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-12-01211910.3390/s21010009Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental DemonstrationAndreas Frutiger0Karl Gatterdam1Yves Blickenstorfer2Andreas Michael Reichmuth3Christof Fattinger4János Vörös5Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, GermanyLaboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandRoche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandLabel-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the <i>de facto</i> standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/9label-free biosensorsoptical diffractionshot noise limitfocal molography |
| spellingShingle | Andreas Frutiger Karl Gatterdam Yves Blickenstorfer Andreas Michael Reichmuth Christof Fattinger János Vörös Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration Sensors label-free biosensors optical diffraction shot noise limit focal molography |
| title | Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration |
| title_full | Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration |
| title_fullStr | Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration |
| title_short | Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction—Part II. Experimental Demonstration |
| title_sort | ultra stable molecular sensors by submicron referencing and why they should be interrogated by optical diffraction part ii experimental demonstration |
| topic | label-free biosensors optical diffraction shot noise limit focal molography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/9 |
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