Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis
Background: In Rwanda, malaria affects one in six children under five years old. Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria causes substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on the Rwandan government and healthcare donors. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) agreed to cons...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276621000639 |
| _version_ | 1818826335869468672 |
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| author | Cyrille Ndikumukiza Ismaeel Yunusa Joseph Nkurunziza Eric Chinaeke Fahad Hezam Alshammari Egide Abahuje Saud Alsahali |
| author_facet | Cyrille Ndikumukiza Ismaeel Yunusa Joseph Nkurunziza Eric Chinaeke Fahad Hezam Alshammari Egide Abahuje Saud Alsahali |
| author_sort | Cyrille Ndikumukiza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In Rwanda, malaria affects one in six children under five years old. Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria causes substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on the Rwandan government and healthcare donors. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) agreed to consider the new malaria vaccine (RTS, S) as an additional prevention strategy. The Global Fund, a healthcare donor, is committed to donating more than fifty million US dollars over four years (2018–2021) to fight malaria in Rwanda. We estimated the potential budget impact of the adoption of RTS, S, into the Global Fund budget (as a case study) for malaria prevention in Rwanda. Methods: We developed a static budget impact model based on clinical, epidemiological, and cost (in US dollars) data from the literature, to assess the financial consequences of adding RTS, S to existing prevention strategies. Cost of treatment and prevention for the first year (without vaccine) was estimated and compared to the total cost after the fifth year (with vaccine). A one-way sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of the model. Results: For the 283,931children under 5 years at risk of malaria in Rwanda every year, the expected budget for first year (without vaccine) was $1,328,377.71 and for the fifth year (with vaccine) was $3,837,804, yielding a potential budget impact of $2,509,427. The cost of treating un-prevented malaria for the first year was $736,959 and for the fifth year was $61,413. The annual number of malaria treatments avoided increased from 10,095 children in the first year after introduction of vaccine to 36,701 children at the fifth year. Conclusion: With a potential budget impact of $2,509,427, the introduction of malaria vaccine for children under 5 years by Global Fund in Rwanda may be affordable when compared to the amount spent on treating children with malaria. Given that Malaria causes more harm than most parasitic diseases and disproportionally affects low-income populations, it is ethical to deploy all measures to control or eliminate Malaria, including vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:26:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71c2cc822d994625b128df3b24a2c865 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-2766 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:26:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy |
| spelling | doaj.art-71c2cc822d994625b128df3b24a2c8652022-12-21T20:45:15ZengElsevierExploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy2667-27662021-09-013100063Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysisCyrille Ndikumukiza0Ismaeel Yunusa1Joseph Nkurunziza2Eric Chinaeke3Fahad Hezam Alshammari4Egide Abahuje5Saud Alsahali6Analyda LLC, Boston, MA, United States of America; Corresponding author.College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of AmericaAnalyda LLC, Boston, MA, United States of AmericaCollege of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of AmericaMinistry of Health, Saudi ArabiaSimulation Education Fellow, STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaBackground: In Rwanda, malaria affects one in six children under five years old. Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria causes substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on the Rwandan government and healthcare donors. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) agreed to consider the new malaria vaccine (RTS, S) as an additional prevention strategy. The Global Fund, a healthcare donor, is committed to donating more than fifty million US dollars over four years (2018–2021) to fight malaria in Rwanda. We estimated the potential budget impact of the adoption of RTS, S, into the Global Fund budget (as a case study) for malaria prevention in Rwanda. Methods: We developed a static budget impact model based on clinical, epidemiological, and cost (in US dollars) data from the literature, to assess the financial consequences of adding RTS, S to existing prevention strategies. Cost of treatment and prevention for the first year (without vaccine) was estimated and compared to the total cost after the fifth year (with vaccine). A one-way sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of the model. Results: For the 283,931children under 5 years at risk of malaria in Rwanda every year, the expected budget for first year (without vaccine) was $1,328,377.71 and for the fifth year (with vaccine) was $3,837,804, yielding a potential budget impact of $2,509,427. The cost of treating un-prevented malaria for the first year was $736,959 and for the fifth year was $61,413. The annual number of malaria treatments avoided increased from 10,095 children in the first year after introduction of vaccine to 36,701 children at the fifth year. Conclusion: With a potential budget impact of $2,509,427, the introduction of malaria vaccine for children under 5 years by Global Fund in Rwanda may be affordable when compared to the amount spent on treating children with malaria. Given that Malaria causes more harm than most parasitic diseases and disproportionally affects low-income populations, it is ethical to deploy all measures to control or eliminate Malaria, including vaccination.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276621000639RwandaMalariaVaccineRTS, SChildrenBudget impact |
| spellingShingle | Cyrille Ndikumukiza Ismaeel Yunusa Joseph Nkurunziza Eric Chinaeke Fahad Hezam Alshammari Egide Abahuje Saud Alsahali Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy Rwanda Malaria Vaccine RTS, S Children Budget impact |
| title | Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis |
| title_full | Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis |
| title_fullStr | Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis |
| title_short | Adoption of RTS, S malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in Rwanda: A budget impact analysis |
| title_sort | adoption of rts s malaria vaccine for children younger than 5 years in rwanda a budget impact analysis |
| topic | Rwanda Malaria Vaccine RTS, S Children Budget impact |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276621000639 |
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