The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolde...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1030414/full |
| _version_ | 1797935182740717568 |
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| author | Rita Musetti Laura Pagliari Giovanni Mian Fernando R. De Oliveira Cantao Chiara Bernardini Simonetta Santi Aart J. E. van Bel |
| author_facet | Rita Musetti Laura Pagliari Giovanni Mian Fernando R. De Oliveira Cantao Chiara Bernardini Simonetta Santi Aart J. E. van Bel |
| author_sort | Rita Musetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:10:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71c4e62fd51647da92826517b334e8cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:10:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-71c4e62fd51647da92826517b334e8cf2023-02-02T11:13:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-02-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10304141030414The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction?Rita Musetti0Laura Pagliari1Giovanni Mian2Fernando R. De Oliveira Cantao3Chiara Bernardini4Simonetta Santi5Aart J. E. van Bel6Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Università di Padova, via dell' Università, Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, ItalyInstitute of Phytopathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, GermanyThe rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1030414/fullArabidopsisendoplasmic reticulumphytoplasmaphytoplasma-host interactionsieve elementpore-plasmodesma units |
| spellingShingle | Rita Musetti Laura Pagliari Giovanni Mian Fernando R. De Oliveira Cantao Chiara Bernardini Simonetta Santi Aart J. E. van Bel The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? Frontiers in Microbiology Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum phytoplasma phytoplasma-host interaction sieve element pore-plasmodesma units |
| title | The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? |
| title_full | The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? |
| title_fullStr | The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? |
| title_short | The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? |
| title_sort | sieve element endoplasmic reticulum a focal point of phytoplasma host plant interaction |
| topic | Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum phytoplasma phytoplasma-host interaction sieve element pore-plasmodesma units |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1030414/full |
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