Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada
Spiral nematodes (<i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp.) are polyphagous parasitic species exhibiting a broad host range and geographical distribution. However, their diversity in the cultivated regions of southern Alberta remains understudied. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the reg...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/497 |
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| author | Maria Munawar Michele Konschuh Pablo Castillo Dmytro P. Yevtushenko |
| author_facet | Maria Munawar Michele Konschuh Pablo Castillo Dmytro P. Yevtushenko |
| author_sort | Maria Munawar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spiral nematodes (<i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp.) are polyphagous parasitic species exhibiting a broad host range and geographical distribution. However, their diversity in the cultivated regions of southern Alberta remains understudied. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the region’s arable lands for the presence of spiral nematodes and revealed two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species, <i>H. crassatus</i> and <i>H. oscephalus</i>. <i>H. crassatus</i> consisted of two distinct morphotypes: one morphotype had a conoid tail with slight ventral projection on the distal end, whereas the other had a broadly rounded tail. This study presents the first documentation of <i>H. crassatus</i> and <i>H. oscephalus</i> from southern Alberta, Canada. Molecular characterization was based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2–D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and <i>COI</i> gene sequences, complemented by detailed morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. In this work, <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species were often co-detected with root lesion nematodes, which made the evaluation of their role in crop damage more difficult. To meet the requirements for threshold and pathogenicity assessments, we introduced both spiral nematode species to sterile carrot disks and evaluated the feasibility of their multiplication and mass production in vitro. The present findings expand the taxonomic records of <i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp. and improve diagnostics of these morphologically similar species. Furthermore, our in vitro culture technique will provide a reliable source of the initial inoculum for future plant–nematode interaction studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:00:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71c80421aa14426ba4e2179b37ed6d6a |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-71c80421aa14426ba4e2179b37ed6d6a2024-03-27T13:55:38ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-02-0112349710.3390/microorganisms12030497Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, CanadaMaria Munawar0Michele Konschuh1Pablo Castillo2Dmytro P. Yevtushenko3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaInstitute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agrolimentario (ceiA3), Avenida. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaSpiral nematodes (<i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp.) are polyphagous parasitic species exhibiting a broad host range and geographical distribution. However, their diversity in the cultivated regions of southern Alberta remains understudied. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the region’s arable lands for the presence of spiral nematodes and revealed two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species, <i>H. crassatus</i> and <i>H. oscephalus</i>. <i>H. crassatus</i> consisted of two distinct morphotypes: one morphotype had a conoid tail with slight ventral projection on the distal end, whereas the other had a broadly rounded tail. This study presents the first documentation of <i>H. crassatus</i> and <i>H. oscephalus</i> from southern Alberta, Canada. Molecular characterization was based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2–D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and <i>COI</i> gene sequences, complemented by detailed morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. In this work, <i>Helicotylenchus</i> species were often co-detected with root lesion nematodes, which made the evaluation of their role in crop damage more difficult. To meet the requirements for threshold and pathogenicity assessments, we introduced both spiral nematode species to sterile carrot disks and evaluated the feasibility of their multiplication and mass production in vitro. The present findings expand the taxonomic records of <i>Helicotylenchus</i> spp. and improve diagnostics of these morphologically similar species. Furthermore, our in vitro culture technique will provide a reliable source of the initial inoculum for future plant–nematode interaction studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/497bionomicscarrot disk<i>H. crassatus</i><i>H. oscephalus</i>morphologymorphotype |
| spellingShingle | Maria Munawar Michele Konschuh Pablo Castillo Dmytro P. Yevtushenko Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada Microorganisms bionomics carrot disk <i>H. crassatus</i> <i>H. oscephalus</i> morphology morphotype |
| title | Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada |
| title_full | Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada |
| title_fullStr | Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada |
| title_short | Morpho-Anatomy, In Vitro Culture, and Phylogenetic Studies of Two <i>Helicotylenchus</i> Species from Southern Alberta, Canada |
| title_sort | morpho anatomy in vitro culture and phylogenetic studies of two i helicotylenchus i species from southern alberta canada |
| topic | bionomics carrot disk <i>H. crassatus</i> <i>H. oscephalus</i> morphology morphotype |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/3/497 |
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