Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending
Abstract Background Reducing health outcomes disparities in Africa is a major concern for policymakers. Inter-country disparities in Africa is well documented. However, little is known about the accurate trajectory of these disparities over time. Thus, this paper investigates the convergence hypothe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Health Economics Review |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-023-00436-9 |
| _version_ | 1797827712140705792 |
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| author | Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica Nicholas Ngepah |
| author_facet | Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica Nicholas Ngepah |
| author_sort | Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Reducing health outcomes disparities in Africa is a major concern for policymakers. Inter-country disparities in Africa is well documented. However, little is known about the accurate trajectory of these disparities over time. Thus, this paper investigates the convergence hypothesis in health outcomes in 40 African countries using data from the World Development Indicators. The study used panel data from 2000 to 2019. Method The study employs a nonlinear time-varying factor model to test the convergence hypothesis on infant mortality rate, under-five mortality, and life expectancy at birth. Then, we use the marginal effects of the ordered logit regression model to investigate the factors that explain club memberships. Results The findings showed the absence of overall convergence for the three variables of interest. However, we identified the presence of convergence clubs. Moreover, we observed substantial gaps between the estimated clubs. The marginal effect results reveal that real GDP per capita, population structure, urbanization, trade, access to basic sanitation, and external health expenditure are essential to club formation. In addition, DTP immunization and the general government health expenditure as a percentage of the general government expenditure (our Abuja Declaration instrument) also play a significant role in explaining the club membership. Conclusion The findings suggest that policymakers should develop and implement targeted club-specific health policies. Furthermore, interventions to promote increased immunization, particularly among children, should be encouraged. Governments should also make substantial efforts to increase the share of their national budget allocated to the health sector by at least 15 percent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:52:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71d00a6a5afd487b92e18311ff279b5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2191-1991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:52:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Health Economics Review |
| spelling | doaj.art-71d00a6a5afd487b92e18311ff279b5e2023-05-14T11:08:03ZengBMCHealth Economics Review2191-19912023-05-0113111710.1186/s13561-023-00436-9Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spendingAriane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica0Nicholas Ngepah1School of Economics, University of JohannesburgSchool of Economics, University of JohannesburgAbstract Background Reducing health outcomes disparities in Africa is a major concern for policymakers. Inter-country disparities in Africa is well documented. However, little is known about the accurate trajectory of these disparities over time. Thus, this paper investigates the convergence hypothesis in health outcomes in 40 African countries using data from the World Development Indicators. The study used panel data from 2000 to 2019. Method The study employs a nonlinear time-varying factor model to test the convergence hypothesis on infant mortality rate, under-five mortality, and life expectancy at birth. Then, we use the marginal effects of the ordered logit regression model to investigate the factors that explain club memberships. Results The findings showed the absence of overall convergence for the three variables of interest. However, we identified the presence of convergence clubs. Moreover, we observed substantial gaps between the estimated clubs. The marginal effect results reveal that real GDP per capita, population structure, urbanization, trade, access to basic sanitation, and external health expenditure are essential to club formation. In addition, DTP immunization and the general government health expenditure as a percentage of the general government expenditure (our Abuja Declaration instrument) also play a significant role in explaining the club membership. Conclusion The findings suggest that policymakers should develop and implement targeted club-specific health policies. Furthermore, interventions to promote increased immunization, particularly among children, should be encouraged. Governments should also make substantial efforts to increase the share of their national budget allocated to the health sector by at least 15 percent.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-023-00436-9ConvergencePublic health spendingImmunizationConvergence clubsLog t-test |
| spellingShingle | Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica Nicholas Ngepah Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending Health Economics Review Convergence Public health spending Immunization Convergence clubs Log t-test |
| title | Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| title_full | Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| title_fullStr | Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| title_short | Health outcome convergence in Africa: the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| title_sort | health outcome convergence in africa the roles of immunization and public health spending |
| topic | Convergence Public health spending Immunization Convergence clubs Log t-test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-023-00436-9 |
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