Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States
Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated the association between food security and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), yet none have investigated trends in prevalence of CMDs by food security status in the United States (US). Methods Serial cross-sectional analysis of the US nationally re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Nutrition Journal |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00910-4 |
| _version_ | 1827388745484075008 |
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| author | Junxiu Liu Stella S. Yi Rienna G. Russo Carol R. Horowitz Donglan Zhang Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa Dejun Su Lu Shi Yan Li |
| author_facet | Junxiu Liu Stella S. Yi Rienna G. Russo Carol R. Horowitz Donglan Zhang Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa Dejun Su Lu Shi Yan Li |
| author_sort | Junxiu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated the association between food security and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), yet none have investigated trends in prevalence of CMDs by food security status in the United States (US). Methods Serial cross-sectional analysis of the US nationally representative data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) was conducted among adults aged 20 years or older. Food security status was defined by the US Household Food Security Survey Module (full, marginal, low, and very low food security). We estimated the age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease by food security status. Racial and ethnic disparities in age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs by food security status were also assessed. Results A total of 49,738 participants were included in this analysis (weighted mean age 47.3 years; 51.3% women). From 1999 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs was lower in full food secure group as compared with other groups. For example, trends in hypertension decreased from 49.7% (47.5-51.8%) to 45.9% (43.8-48.0%) (P-trend = 0.002) among the full and from 54.2% (49.9-58.5%) to 49.7% (46.8-52.6%) (P-trend = 0.02) among the marginal but remained stable among the low at 49.7% (47.9-51.6%) and among the very low at 51.1% (48.9-53.3%) (P-interaction = 0.02). Prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.85% (8.15-9.60%) to 12.2% (11.1-13.5%) among the full (P-trend < 0.001), from 16.5% (13.2-20.4%) to 20.9% (18.6-23.5%) (P-trend = 0.045) among the marginal and from 14.6% (11.1-19.0%) to 20.9% (18.8-23.3%) (P-trend = 0.001) among the low but remained stable at 18.8% (17.0-20.9) among the very low (P-trend = 0.35) (P-interaction = 0.03). Racial and ethnic differences in prevalence of CMD by food security status were observed. For example, among individuals with full food secure status, the prevalence of diabetes was 9.08% (95% CI, 8.60-9.59%) for non-Hispanic whites, 17.3% (95% CI, 16.4-18.2%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 16.1% (95% CI, 15.0-17.4%) for Hispanics and 14.9% (95% CI, 13.3-16.7%) for others. Conclusions and relevance Prevalence of CMDs was greatest among those experiencing food insecurity, and food insecurity disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minorities. Disparities in CMD prevalence by food security status persisted or worsened, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:23:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71d937e713b24a5bba27969c1294518f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2891 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-71d937e713b24a5bba27969c1294518f2024-01-07T12:12:10ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912024-01-0123111010.1186/s12937-023-00910-4Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United StatesJunxiu Liu0Stella S. Yi1Rienna G. Russo2Carol R. Horowitz3Donglan Zhang4Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa5Dejun Su6Lu Shi7Yan Li8Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of MedicineDepartment of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of MedicineDepartment of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Grossman Long Island School of MedicineDepartment of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of GeorgiaDepartment of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical CenterDepartment of Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Science, Clemson UniversityDepartment of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAbstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated the association between food security and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), yet none have investigated trends in prevalence of CMDs by food security status in the United States (US). Methods Serial cross-sectional analysis of the US nationally representative data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) was conducted among adults aged 20 years or older. Food security status was defined by the US Household Food Security Survey Module (full, marginal, low, and very low food security). We estimated the age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease by food security status. Racial and ethnic disparities in age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs by food security status were also assessed. Results A total of 49,738 participants were included in this analysis (weighted mean age 47.3 years; 51.3% women). From 1999 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of CMDs was lower in full food secure group as compared with other groups. For example, trends in hypertension decreased from 49.7% (47.5-51.8%) to 45.9% (43.8-48.0%) (P-trend = 0.002) among the full and from 54.2% (49.9-58.5%) to 49.7% (46.8-52.6%) (P-trend = 0.02) among the marginal but remained stable among the low at 49.7% (47.9-51.6%) and among the very low at 51.1% (48.9-53.3%) (P-interaction = 0.02). Prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.85% (8.15-9.60%) to 12.2% (11.1-13.5%) among the full (P-trend < 0.001), from 16.5% (13.2-20.4%) to 20.9% (18.6-23.5%) (P-trend = 0.045) among the marginal and from 14.6% (11.1-19.0%) to 20.9% (18.8-23.3%) (P-trend = 0.001) among the low but remained stable at 18.8% (17.0-20.9) among the very low (P-trend = 0.35) (P-interaction = 0.03). Racial and ethnic differences in prevalence of CMD by food security status were observed. For example, among individuals with full food secure status, the prevalence of diabetes was 9.08% (95% CI, 8.60-9.59%) for non-Hispanic whites, 17.3% (95% CI, 16.4-18.2%) for non-Hispanic blacks, 16.1% (95% CI, 15.0-17.4%) for Hispanics and 14.9% (95% CI, 13.3-16.7%) for others. Conclusions and relevance Prevalence of CMDs was greatest among those experiencing food insecurity, and food insecurity disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minorities. Disparities in CMD prevalence by food security status persisted or worsened, especially among racial/ethnic minorities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00910-4 |
| spellingShingle | Junxiu Liu Stella S. Yi Rienna G. Russo Carol R. Horowitz Donglan Zhang Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa Dejun Su Lu Shi Yan Li Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States Nutrition Journal |
| title | Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States |
| title_full | Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States |
| title_fullStr | Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States |
| title_short | Trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the United States |
| title_sort | trends and disparities in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases by food security status in the united states |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00910-4 |
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