Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates
The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the <sup>68</sup>Zn(<i>p,n</i>)<sup>68</sup>Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik–Fields re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8377 |
| _version_ | 1827642923513020416 |
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| author | Fedor Zhuravlev Arif Gulzar Lise Falborg |
| author_facet | Fedor Zhuravlev Arif Gulzar Lise Falborg |
| author_sort | Fedor Zhuravlev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the <sup>68</sup>Zn(<i>p,n</i>)<sup>68</sup>Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid–liquid extraction of <sup>68</sup>Ga from 1 M Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/0.01 M HNO<sub>3</sub> in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of <sup>68</sup>Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71e56bfa4cf646e88c01223254a4da09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-71e56bfa4cf646e88c01223254a4da092023-11-24T11:41:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012723837710.3390/molecules27238377Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino PhosphonatesFedor Zhuravlev0Arif Gulzar1Lise Falborg2Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, DenmarkDepartment of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, DenmarkRegionshospitalet Gødstrup, Hospitalsparken 15, 7400 Herning, DenmarkThe cyclotron production of gallium-68 via the <sup>68</sup>Zn(<i>p,n</i>)<sup>68</sup>Ga nuclear reaction in liquid targets is gaining significant traction in clinics. This work describes (1) the synthesis of new arylamino phosphonates via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction, (2) their use for liquid–liquid extraction of <sup>68</sup>Ga from 1 M Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/0.01 M HNO<sub>3</sub> in batch and continuous flow, and (3) the use of Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of <sup>68</sup>Zn. The highest extraction efficiencies were obtained with the extractants functionalized with trifluoromethyl substituents and ethylene glycol ponytails, which were able to extract up to 90% of gallium-68 in batch and 80% in flow. Only ppm amounts of zinc were co-extracted. The extraction efficiency was a function of pKa and the aqueous solubility of the extractant and showed marked concentration, solvent, and temperature dependence. Raman spectroscopy was found to be a promising PAT tool for the continuous production of gallium-68.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8377gallium-68liquid–liquid extractionliquid targetarylamino phosphonatecyclotron production of gallium-68 |
| spellingShingle | Fedor Zhuravlev Arif Gulzar Lise Falborg Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates Molecules gallium-68 liquid–liquid extraction liquid target arylamino phosphonate cyclotron production of gallium-68 |
| title | Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates |
| title_full | Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates |
| title_short | Recovery of Gallium-68 and Zinc from HNO<sub>3</sub>-Based Solution by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Arylamino Phosphonates |
| title_sort | recovery of gallium 68 and zinc from hno sub 3 sub based solution by liquid liquid extraction with arylamino phosphonates |
| topic | gallium-68 liquid–liquid extraction liquid target arylamino phosphonate cyclotron production of gallium-68 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8377 |
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