Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio
The greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) is a free-floating freshwater macrophyte. The effect of dietary inclusion of duckweed in the feed of common carp Cyprinus carpio fry was evaluated. The control feed (SP0) contained soybean meal as the primary protein source. In four experimental f...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.788455/full |
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| author | Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Guddu Kumar Prabhat Mittal Douglas R. Tocher Douglas R. Tocher Brett D. Glencross Rina Chakrabarti JaiGopal Sharma |
| author_facet | Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Guddu Kumar Prabhat Mittal Douglas R. Tocher Douglas R. Tocher Brett D. Glencross Rina Chakrabarti JaiGopal Sharma |
| author_sort | Avanish Kumar Shrivastav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) is a free-floating freshwater macrophyte. The effect of dietary inclusion of duckweed in the feed of common carp Cyprinus carpio fry was evaluated. The control feed (SP0) contained soybean meal as the primary protein source. In four experimental feeds, greater duckweed was incorporated at levels of 5% (SP5), 10% (SP10), 15% (SP15), and 20% (SP20) replacing soybean meal. Broken-line regression showed that incorporation of greater duckweed at 10 and 13.4% levels were the breakpoint for final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish, respectively. The final weight and SGR of common carp fed diet SP20 were significantly higher compared with those of others. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in SP20 treatment. The inclusion of greater duckweed in the fish feeds showed linear relationships with amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities. The content of crude protein was significantly higher in SP10, SP15, and SP20 treatments compared with that of others. Significantly higher crude lipid and ash contents were found in SP20 diet-fed fish compared with other diet-fed fish. The essential amino acids composition was similar in five different diet-fed fish. The greater duckweed supplemented feeds influenced the fatty acid contents of fish. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) showed an inverse relationship with the inclusion level of greater duckweed in the feed. The highest MUFA content was found in fish fed SP0 diet. The highest level of linoleic acid was found in SP20 diet fed fish. The n-3 PUFA contents of fish showed an increasing trend with the increasing inclusion of greater duckweed, and a significantly higher level was found in SP20 compared with that of others. A significantly higher expression of fas was found in SP5 and fads2d6 in SP5 and SP10 compared with that of others. The expressions of elovl2 and elovl5 were significantly higher in SP5, SP10, and SP15 diet-fed fish compared with other diet-fed fish. The incorporation of greater duckweed in diets improved the growth performance and nutritional value of common carp. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:36:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-71ed404b983144d89820314837675042 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:36:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-71ed404b983144d898203148376750422022-12-22T00:01:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-02-01910.3389/fmars.2022.788455788455Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpioAvanish Kumar Shrivastav0Guddu Kumar1Prabhat Mittal2Douglas R. Tocher3Douglas R. Tocher4Brett D. Glencross5Rina Chakrabarti6JaiGopal Sharma7Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, IndiaAqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaSatyawati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaInstitute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United KingdomGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, ChinaInstitute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United KingdomAqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, IndiaThe greater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) is a free-floating freshwater macrophyte. The effect of dietary inclusion of duckweed in the feed of common carp Cyprinus carpio fry was evaluated. The control feed (SP0) contained soybean meal as the primary protein source. In four experimental feeds, greater duckweed was incorporated at levels of 5% (SP5), 10% (SP10), 15% (SP15), and 20% (SP20) replacing soybean meal. Broken-line regression showed that incorporation of greater duckweed at 10 and 13.4% levels were the breakpoint for final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish, respectively. The final weight and SGR of common carp fed diet SP20 were significantly higher compared with those of others. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in SP20 treatment. The inclusion of greater duckweed in the fish feeds showed linear relationships with amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities. The content of crude protein was significantly higher in SP10, SP15, and SP20 treatments compared with that of others. Significantly higher crude lipid and ash contents were found in SP20 diet-fed fish compared with other diet-fed fish. The essential amino acids composition was similar in five different diet-fed fish. The greater duckweed supplemented feeds influenced the fatty acid contents of fish. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) showed an inverse relationship with the inclusion level of greater duckweed in the feed. The highest MUFA content was found in fish fed SP0 diet. The highest level of linoleic acid was found in SP20 diet fed fish. The n-3 PUFA contents of fish showed an increasing trend with the increasing inclusion of greater duckweed, and a significantly higher level was found in SP20 compared with that of others. A significantly higher expression of fas was found in SP5 and fads2d6 in SP5 and SP10 compared with that of others. The expressions of elovl2 and elovl5 were significantly higher in SP5, SP10, and SP15 diet-fed fish compared with other diet-fed fish. The incorporation of greater duckweed in diets improved the growth performance and nutritional value of common carp.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.788455/fullCyprinus carpioSpirodela polyrhizadigestive enzymeslinoleic acideicosapentaenoic aciddocosahexaenoic acid |
| spellingShingle | Avanish Kumar Shrivastav Guddu Kumar Prabhat Mittal Douglas R. Tocher Douglas R. Tocher Brett D. Glencross Rina Chakrabarti JaiGopal Sharma Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Frontiers in Marine Science Cyprinus carpio Spirodela polyrhiza digestive enzymes linoleic acid eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid |
| title | Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio |
| title_full | Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio |
| title_short | Effect of Greater Duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza Supplemented Feed on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Amino and Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus carpio |
| title_sort | effect of greater duckweed spirodela polyrhiza supplemented feed on growth performance digestive enzymes amino and fatty acid profiles and expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis of juvenile common carp cyprinus carpio |
| topic | Cyprinus carpio Spirodela polyrhiza digestive enzymes linoleic acid eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.788455/full |
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