Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110
Load losses determine transformers’ efficiency and life, which are limited by overheating and deterioration of their elements. Since these losses can be characterized by short-circuit resistances, in this article, we have developed expressions for the short-circuit resistances of three-phase transfo...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Inventions |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/8/6/154 |
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| author | Vicente León-Martínez Elisa Peñalvo-López Clara Andrada-Monrós Juan Ángel Sáiz-Jiménez |
| author_facet | Vicente León-Martínez Elisa Peñalvo-López Clara Andrada-Monrós Juan Ángel Sáiz-Jiménez |
| author_sort | Vicente León-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Load losses determine transformers’ efficiency and life, which are limited by overheating and deterioration of their elements. Since these losses can be characterized by short-circuit resistances, in this article, we have developed expressions for the short-circuit resistances of three-phase transformers according to IEEE Standard C57.110. Imposing the condition that these resistances must cause load losses of the transformer, two types of short-circuit resistance have been established: (1) the effective resistance of each phase (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and (2) the effective short-circuit resistance of the transformer (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The first is closely related to the power loss distribution within the transformer. The second is just a mathematical parameter. Applying these resistances to the 630 kVA oil-immersed distribution transformer of a residential network, we have concluded that both types of resistances determine the total load losses of the transformer. However, only <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> accurately provides the load losses in each phase. <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can give rise to errors more significant than 16% in calculating these losses, depending on imbalances in the harmonic currents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:39:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-720dcd81fe6b437db7f32ef89f89d378 |
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| issn | 2411-5134 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:39:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-720dcd81fe6b437db7f32ef89f89d3782023-12-22T14:16:33ZengMDPI AGInventions2411-51342023-12-018615410.3390/inventions8060154Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110Vicente León-Martínez0Elisa Peñalvo-López1Clara Andrada-Monrós2Juan Ángel Sáiz-Jiménez3Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 València, SpainElectrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 València, SpainElectrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 València, SpainElectrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 València, SpainLoad losses determine transformers’ efficiency and life, which are limited by overheating and deterioration of their elements. Since these losses can be characterized by short-circuit resistances, in this article, we have developed expressions for the short-circuit resistances of three-phase transformers according to IEEE Standard C57.110. Imposing the condition that these resistances must cause load losses of the transformer, two types of short-circuit resistance have been established: (1) the effective resistance of each phase (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and (2) the effective short-circuit resistance of the transformer (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The first is closely related to the power loss distribution within the transformer. The second is just a mathematical parameter. Applying these resistances to the 630 kVA oil-immersed distribution transformer of a residential network, we have concluded that both types of resistances determine the total load losses of the transformer. However, only <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> accurately provides the load losses in each phase. <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can give rise to errors more significant than 16% in calculating these losses, depending on imbalances in the harmonic currents.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/8/6/154distribution transformersshort-circuit resistancesload lossesharmonicsefficiency |
| spellingShingle | Vicente León-Martínez Elisa Peñalvo-López Clara Andrada-Monrós Juan Ángel Sáiz-Jiménez Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 Inventions distribution transformers short-circuit resistances load losses harmonics efficiency |
| title | Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 |
| title_full | Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 |
| title_fullStr | Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 |
| title_short | Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110 |
| title_sort | load losses and short circuit resistances of distribution transformers according to ieee standard c57 110 |
| topic | distribution transformers short-circuit resistances load losses harmonics efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5134/8/6/154 |
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