Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes
Three novel dibenzo-18-crown-6 aldimines were successfully synthesised and structurally characterised via various spectroscopic methods (<sup>1</sup>H,<sup>13</sup>H NMR, FT-IR) and their solution phase lead binding behaviours probed via absorption spectroscopy, the results a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Inorganics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/7/275 |
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| author | Deneikah T. Jackson Peter N. Nelson Kimberly Weston Richard A. Taylor |
| author_facet | Deneikah T. Jackson Peter N. Nelson Kimberly Weston Richard A. Taylor |
| author_sort | Deneikah T. Jackson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three novel dibenzo-18-crown-6 aldimines were successfully synthesised and structurally characterised via various spectroscopic methods (<sup>1</sup>H,<sup>13</sup>H NMR, FT-IR) and their solution phase lead binding behaviours probed via absorption spectroscopy, the results are supported by Density Functional Theoretical (DFT) modelling. These methods revealed that the asymmetric nature of these compounds is such that at equilibrium the ether cavity adopts an open configuration where the constituent oxygen atoms exhibit a highly negative electrostatic potential; hence, they spontaneously (ΔG~−58 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) interact/bind aqueous lead ions to form stable 2:1 metal–ligand complexes. As indicated by cyclic and square voltammetry studies, all compounds are redox active and polymerise relatively easily onto a platinum surface to form a multi-layered lead Ion-selective Membrane (ISM), the structure of which is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). These novel Ion-selective Electrodes (ISEs), as characterised by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (D PASV), allow selective electrochemical detection and quantification of lead at concentrations as low as 10 ppm, over a range of 15–60 ppm, with only minimal interference from mercury(II) and aluminium(III) ions at a 1:1 analyte-interferent ratio. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7228a9e9914f409bbd53e80491ccb496 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Inorganics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7228a9e9914f409bbd53e80491ccb4962023-11-18T19:47:47ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402023-06-0111727510.3390/inorganics11070275Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective ElectrodesDeneikah T. Jackson0Peter N. Nelson1Kimberly Weston2Richard A. Taylor3Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston 7, St. Andrew, JamaicaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston 7, St. Andrew, JamaicaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and TobagoThree novel dibenzo-18-crown-6 aldimines were successfully synthesised and structurally characterised via various spectroscopic methods (<sup>1</sup>H,<sup>13</sup>H NMR, FT-IR) and their solution phase lead binding behaviours probed via absorption spectroscopy, the results are supported by Density Functional Theoretical (DFT) modelling. These methods revealed that the asymmetric nature of these compounds is such that at equilibrium the ether cavity adopts an open configuration where the constituent oxygen atoms exhibit a highly negative electrostatic potential; hence, they spontaneously (ΔG~−58 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) interact/bind aqueous lead ions to form stable 2:1 metal–ligand complexes. As indicated by cyclic and square voltammetry studies, all compounds are redox active and polymerise relatively easily onto a platinum surface to form a multi-layered lead Ion-selective Membrane (ISM), the structure of which is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). These novel Ion-selective Electrodes (ISEs), as characterised by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (D PASV), allow selective electrochemical detection and quantification of lead at concentrations as low as 10 ppm, over a range of 15–60 ppm, with only minimal interference from mercury(II) and aluminium(III) ions at a 1:1 analyte-interferent ratio.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/7/275imineDFTleaddibenzo-18-crown-6ion-selective electrode |
| spellingShingle | Deneikah T. Jackson Peter N. Nelson Kimberly Weston Richard A. Taylor Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes Inorganics imine DFT lead dibenzo-18-crown-6 ion-selective electrode |
| title | Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes |
| title_full | Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes |
| title_short | Preparation and Properties of Three Plasticiser-Free Novel Di-benzo-18-Crown-6 Aldimine-Derived Lead(II) Ion-Selective Electrodes |
| title_sort | preparation and properties of three plasticiser free novel di benzo 18 crown 6 aldimine derived lead ii ion selective electrodes |
| topic | imine DFT lead dibenzo-18-crown-6 ion-selective electrode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/7/275 |
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