Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape
Endothelial dysfunction characterizes every aspect of the so-called cardiovascular continuum, a series of events ranging from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and, finally, to coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunct...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/997 |
| _version_ | 1827685792665829376 |
|---|---|
| author | Francesca Fortini Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega Luisa Marracino Paolo Severi Claudio Rapezzi Paola Rizzo Roberto Ferrari |
| author_facet | Francesca Fortini Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega Luisa Marracino Paolo Severi Claudio Rapezzi Paola Rizzo Roberto Ferrari |
| author_sort | Francesca Fortini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endothelial dysfunction characterizes every aspect of the so-called cardiovascular continuum, a series of events ranging from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and, finally, to coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the main prognostic factor for the progression of vascular disorders, which responds to drug intervention and lifestyle changes. Virtually all of the drugs used to prevent cardiovascular disorders, such as long-used and new antilipidemic agents and inhibitors of angiotensin enzyme (ACEi), exert an important effect on the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is a central feature of coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19), and it is now clear that life-risk complications of the disease are prompted by alterations of the endothelium induced by viral infection. As a consequence, the progression of COVID-19 is worse in the subjects in whom endothelial dysfunction is already present, such as elderly, diabetic, obese, and hypertensive patients. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury predict the severity and mortality of the disease and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. The purpose of this review is to provide updates on endothelial function by discussing its clinical relevance in the cardiovascular continuum, the latest insights from molecular and cellular biology, and their implications for clinical practice, with a focus on new actors, such as the Notch signaling and emerging therapies for cardiovascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-723e619f75af42a3895c7fe6a48ea6ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-723e619f75af42a3895c7fe6a48ea6ac2023-11-22T06:53:08ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-08-019899710.3390/biomedicines9080997Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) LandscapeFrancesca Fortini0Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega1Luisa Marracino2Paolo Severi3Claudio Rapezzi4Paola Rizzo5Roberto Ferrari6Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyMaria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyMaria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyMaria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyMaria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyEndothelial dysfunction characterizes every aspect of the so-called cardiovascular continuum, a series of events ranging from hypertension to the development of atherosclerosis and, finally, to coronary heart disease, thrombus formation, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is the main prognostic factor for the progression of vascular disorders, which responds to drug intervention and lifestyle changes. Virtually all of the drugs used to prevent cardiovascular disorders, such as long-used and new antilipidemic agents and inhibitors of angiotensin enzyme (ACEi), exert an important effect on the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is a central feature of coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19), and it is now clear that life-risk complications of the disease are prompted by alterations of the endothelium induced by viral infection. As a consequence, the progression of COVID-19 is worse in the subjects in whom endothelial dysfunction is already present, such as elderly, diabetic, obese, and hypertensive patients. Importantly, circulating biomarkers of endothelial activation and injury predict the severity and mortality of the disease and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. The purpose of this review is to provide updates on endothelial function by discussing its clinical relevance in the cardiovascular continuum, the latest insights from molecular and cellular biology, and their implications for clinical practice, with a focus on new actors, such as the Notch signaling and emerging therapies for cardiovascular disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/997endothelial dysfunctionpyroptosisNotchCOVID-19angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsangiotensin II receptor blockers |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Fortini Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega Luisa Marracino Paolo Severi Claudio Rapezzi Paola Rizzo Roberto Ferrari Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape Biomedicines endothelial dysfunction pyroptosis Notch COVID-19 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II receptor blockers |
| title | Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape |
| title_full | Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape |
| title_fullStr | Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape |
| title_full_unstemmed | Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape |
| title_short | Well-Known and Novel Players in Endothelial Dysfunction: Updates on a Notch(ed) Landscape |
| title_sort | well known and novel players in endothelial dysfunction updates on a notch ed landscape |
| topic | endothelial dysfunction pyroptosis Notch COVID-19 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin II receptor blockers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/997 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescafortini wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT francescoviecelidallasega wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT luisamarracino wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT paoloseveri wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT claudiorapezzi wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT paolarizzo wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape AT robertoferrari wellknownandnovelplayersinendothelialdysfunctionupdatesonanotchedlandscape |