The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals
The use of cannabinoids in both veterinary and human medicine is controversial for legal and ethical reasons. Nonetheless, the availability and therapeutic use of naturally occurring or synthetic phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol, have been the focus of attention in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1050884/full |
| _version_ | 1797961641766158336 |
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| author | Agatha Miranda-Cortés Daniel Mota-Rojas Nadia Crosignani-Outeda Alejandro Casas-Alvarado Julio Martínez-Burnes Adriana Olmos-Hernández Patricia Mora-Medina Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza Ismael Hernández-Ávalos |
| author_facet | Agatha Miranda-Cortés Daniel Mota-Rojas Nadia Crosignani-Outeda Alejandro Casas-Alvarado Julio Martínez-Burnes Adriana Olmos-Hernández Patricia Mora-Medina Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza Ismael Hernández-Ávalos |
| author_sort | Agatha Miranda-Cortés |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of cannabinoids in both veterinary and human medicine is controversial for legal and ethical reasons. Nonetheless, the availability and therapeutic use of naturally occurring or synthetic phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol, have been the focus of attention in studies regarding their medical uses. This review aims to examine the role of cannabinoids in pain modulation by analyzing scientific findings regarding the signaling pathways of the endocannabinoid system and discussing the analgesic effects of synthetic cannabinoids compared to cannabinoid extracts and the extent and involvement of their receptors. In animals, studies have shown the analgesic properties of these substances and the role of the cannabinoid binding −1 (CB1) and cannabinoid binding −2 (CB2) receptors in the endocannabinoid system to modulate acute, chronic and neuropathic pain. This system consists of three main components: endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), G protein-coupled receptors and enzymes that degrade and recycle the ligands. Evidence suggests that their interaction with CB1 receptors inhibits signaling in pain pathways and causes psychoactive effects. On the other hand, CB2 receptors are associated with anti-inflammatory and analgesic reactions and effects on the immune system. Cannabis extracts and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic tool that contributes to compassionate pain care and participates in its multimodal management. However, the endocannabinoid system interacts with different endogenous ligands and neurotransmitters, thus offering other therapeutic possibilities in dogs and cats, such is the case of those patients who suffer from seizures or epilepsy, contact and atopic dermatitis, degenerative myelopathies, asthma, diabetes and glaucoma, among other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, these compounds have been shown to possess antineoplastic, appetite-stimulating, and antiemetic properties. Ultimately, the study of the endocannabinoid system, its ligands, receptors, mechanism of action, and signaling, has contributed to the development of research that shows that hemp-derived and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic alternative in the multimodal management of pain in dogs and cats due to their ability to prevent peripheral and central sensitization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:00:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-723e8876275842d9a27344a7f99c6ee0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:00:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-723e8876275842d9a27344a7f99c6ee02023-01-04T16:21:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-01-01910.3389/fvets.2022.10508841050884The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animalsAgatha Miranda-Cortés0Daniel Mota-Rojas1Nadia Crosignani-Outeda2Alejandro Casas-Alvarado3Julio Martínez-Burnes4Adriana Olmos-Hernández5Patricia Mora-Medina6Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza7Ismael Hernández-Ávalos8Department of Biological Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Mexico City, MexicoNeurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, (UAM), Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Clinics and Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary, University of Republic, Montevideo, UruguayNeurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, (UAM), Mexico City, MexicoAnimal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, MexicoDepartment Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Calzada México Xochimilco, Mexico City, MexicoLivestock Science Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Calzada México Xochimilco, Mexico City, MexicoDepartment of Biological Science, Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), FESC, Mexico City, MexicoThe use of cannabinoids in both veterinary and human medicine is controversial for legal and ethical reasons. Nonetheless, the availability and therapeutic use of naturally occurring or synthetic phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol and cannabidiol, have been the focus of attention in studies regarding their medical uses. This review aims to examine the role of cannabinoids in pain modulation by analyzing scientific findings regarding the signaling pathways of the endocannabinoid system and discussing the analgesic effects of synthetic cannabinoids compared to cannabinoid extracts and the extent and involvement of their receptors. In animals, studies have shown the analgesic properties of these substances and the role of the cannabinoid binding −1 (CB1) and cannabinoid binding −2 (CB2) receptors in the endocannabinoid system to modulate acute, chronic and neuropathic pain. This system consists of three main components: endogenous ligands (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), G protein-coupled receptors and enzymes that degrade and recycle the ligands. Evidence suggests that their interaction with CB1 receptors inhibits signaling in pain pathways and causes psychoactive effects. On the other hand, CB2 receptors are associated with anti-inflammatory and analgesic reactions and effects on the immune system. Cannabis extracts and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic tool that contributes to compassionate pain care and participates in its multimodal management. However, the endocannabinoid system interacts with different endogenous ligands and neurotransmitters, thus offering other therapeutic possibilities in dogs and cats, such is the case of those patients who suffer from seizures or epilepsy, contact and atopic dermatitis, degenerative myelopathies, asthma, diabetes and glaucoma, among other inflammatory diseases. Moreover, these compounds have been shown to possess antineoplastic, appetite-stimulating, and antiemetic properties. Ultimately, the study of the endocannabinoid system, its ligands, receptors, mechanism of action, and signaling, has contributed to the development of research that shows that hemp-derived and their synthetic derivatives are an effective therapeutic alternative in the multimodal management of pain in dogs and cats due to their ability to prevent peripheral and central sensitization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1050884/fullanalgesiaanimal welfarecannabinoid receptorsendocannabinoid systemmarijuana |
| spellingShingle | Agatha Miranda-Cortés Daniel Mota-Rojas Nadia Crosignani-Outeda Alejandro Casas-Alvarado Julio Martínez-Burnes Adriana Olmos-Hernández Patricia Mora-Medina Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza Ismael Hernández-Ávalos The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals Frontiers in Veterinary Science analgesia animal welfare cannabinoid receptors endocannabinoid system marijuana |
| title | The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| title_full | The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| title_fullStr | The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| title_short | The role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| title_sort | role of cannabinoids in pain modulation in companion animals |
| topic | analgesia animal welfare cannabinoid receptors endocannabinoid system marijuana |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1050884/full |
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