Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism
In this experiment, maize plants were subjected to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 250 µM) of the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), with some groups primed with abscisic acid (ABA) and others not. Initial observations showed that after five days of incubation, seedlings e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plant Stress |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24000502 |
| _version_ | 1797311516681175040 |
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| author | Bipul Sarkar Abir Das Sayan Pal Sudipta Kumar Sil Mirza Hasanuzzaman Malay Kumar Adak |
| author_facet | Bipul Sarkar Abir Das Sayan Pal Sudipta Kumar Sil Mirza Hasanuzzaman Malay Kumar Adak |
| author_sort | Bipul Sarkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this experiment, maize plants were subjected to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 250 µM) of the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), with some groups primed with abscisic acid (ABA) and others not. Initial observations showed that after five days of incubation, seedlings exposed to the highest concentration of 2, 4-D exhibited stunted growth and a reduction in chlorophyll accumulation. Key parameters such as relative water content, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate decreased (by 25%, 39%, and 35% respectively) under this condition. However, these parameters partially recovered with ABA priming, showing average improvements (8%, 14%, and 16%). Recovery in tissue hydration was also noted, coinciding with increased concentrations of proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB), and a decrease in the Na+/K+ ratio. When exposed to the highest concentration of the herbicide, fluorescence activity was reduced, but this too was reversed with ABA treatment. A notable inhibition of photosynthesis occurred, particularly at the decarboxylation reactions involving NADP-malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, affecting total sugar concentrations. Under the influence of 2, 4-D, there was a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (35%) and hydrogen peroxide (78%), but these levels significantly diminished with ABA priming. Abscisic acid priming also mitigated oxidative stress, evidenced by a reduction in malondialdehyde (by 10%) and carbonyl content (by 11%), along with lower electrolyte leakage. The regulation of oxidative pathways through ABA priming was apparent as the plants showed increased activity of enzymes such as peroxidases, catalases, and those involved in glutathione metabolism, including glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. The study also discussed how ABA metabolism regulates sensitivity to 2, 4-D and highlighted certain parameters for selecting redox homeostasis against herbicidal toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:00:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-724fbec6d1324b958b5a7675fa4fd2bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-064X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:00:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Stress |
| spelling | doaj.art-724fbec6d1324b958b5a7675fa4fd2bc2024-02-14T05:19:14ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2024-03-0111100396Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolismBipul Sarkar0Abir Das1Sayan Pal2Sudipta Kumar Sil3Mirza Hasanuzzaman4Malay Kumar Adak5Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India; Department of Botany, Karimpur Pannadevi College, Karimpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741152, IndiaPlant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, IndiaPlant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, IndiaDepartment of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal 732101, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Corresponding authors.Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India; Corresponding authors.In this experiment, maize plants were subjected to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 250 µM) of the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), with some groups primed with abscisic acid (ABA) and others not. Initial observations showed that after five days of incubation, seedlings exposed to the highest concentration of 2, 4-D exhibited stunted growth and a reduction in chlorophyll accumulation. Key parameters such as relative water content, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate decreased (by 25%, 39%, and 35% respectively) under this condition. However, these parameters partially recovered with ABA priming, showing average improvements (8%, 14%, and 16%). Recovery in tissue hydration was also noted, coinciding with increased concentrations of proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB), and a decrease in the Na+/K+ ratio. When exposed to the highest concentration of the herbicide, fluorescence activity was reduced, but this too was reversed with ABA treatment. A notable inhibition of photosynthesis occurred, particularly at the decarboxylation reactions involving NADP-malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, affecting total sugar concentrations. Under the influence of 2, 4-D, there was a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (35%) and hydrogen peroxide (78%), but these levels significantly diminished with ABA priming. Abscisic acid priming also mitigated oxidative stress, evidenced by a reduction in malondialdehyde (by 10%) and carbonyl content (by 11%), along with lower electrolyte leakage. The regulation of oxidative pathways through ABA priming was apparent as the plants showed increased activity of enzymes such as peroxidases, catalases, and those involved in glutathione metabolism, including glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. The study also discussed how ABA metabolism regulates sensitivity to 2, 4-D and highlighted certain parameters for selecting redox homeostasis against herbicidal toxicity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24000502ABAFluorescenceNADP-malic enzymeCarboxylaseGlutathioneGlutathione-S-transferase |
| spellingShingle | Bipul Sarkar Abir Das Sayan Pal Sudipta Kumar Sil Mirza Hasanuzzaman Malay Kumar Adak Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism Plant Stress ABA Fluorescence NADP-malic enzyme Carboxylase Glutathione Glutathione-S-transferase |
| title | Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism |
| title_full | Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism |
| title_short | Insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid-induced 2, 4-D tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: Study on the regulation of osmolytes, fluorescence, photosynthetic carbon reactions, and antioxidant metabolism |
| title_sort | insights into the mechanism of abscisic acid induced 2 4 d tolerance in maize zea mays l seedlings study on the regulation of osmolytes fluorescence photosynthetic carbon reactions and antioxidant metabolism |
| topic | ABA Fluorescence NADP-malic enzyme Carboxylase Glutathione Glutathione-S-transferase |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24000502 |
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