Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors
We further simplify the most ‘user-friendly’ potentiometric sensor for waterborne analytes, the ‘extended-gate field effect transistor’ (EGFET). This is accomplished using a ‘bridge’ design, that links two separate water pools, a ‘control gate’ (CG) pool and a ‘floating gate’ (FG) pool, by a bridge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7554 |
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| author | Hadi Rasam AlQahtani Abdel-Basit M. Al-Odayni Yusif Alhamed Martin Grell |
| author_facet | Hadi Rasam AlQahtani Abdel-Basit M. Al-Odayni Yusif Alhamed Martin Grell |
| author_sort | Hadi Rasam AlQahtani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We further simplify the most ‘user-friendly’ potentiometric sensor for waterborne analytes, the ‘extended-gate field effect transistor’ (EGFET). This is accomplished using a ‘bridge’ design, that links two separate water pools, a ‘control gate’ (CG) pool and a ‘floating gate’ (FG) pool, by a bridge filled with agar-agar hydrogel. We show electric communication between electrodes in the pools across the gel bridge to the gate of an LND150 FET. When loading the gel bridge with a sorbent that is known to act as a sensitiser for Cu<sup>2+</sup> water pollution, namely, the ion exchanging zeolite ‘clinoptilolite’, the bridged EGFET acts as a potentiometric sensor to waterborne Cu<sup>2+</sup>. We then introduce novel sensitisers into the gel bridge, the commercially available resins Puromet<sup>TM</sup> MTS9140 and MTS9200, which are sorbents for the extraction of mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) pollution from water. We find a response of the bridged EGFET to Hg<sup>2+</sup> water pollution, setting a template for the rapid screening of ion exchange resins that are readily available for a wide range of harmful (or precious) metal ions. We fit the potentiometric sensor response vs. pollutant concentration characteristics to the Langmuir–Freundlich (LF) model which is discussed in context with other ion-sensor characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:12:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-725075055be84937b8672b24e33c8e2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:12:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-725075055be84937b8672b24e33c8e2d2023-11-19T08:51:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-08-012317755410.3390/s23177554Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution SensorsHadi Rasam AlQahtani0Abdel-Basit M. Al-Odayni1Yusif Alhamed2Martin Grell3Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaEngineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaLlyfrgell Bangor, Ffordd Gwynedd, Bangor LL57 1DT, UKWe further simplify the most ‘user-friendly’ potentiometric sensor for waterborne analytes, the ‘extended-gate field effect transistor’ (EGFET). This is accomplished using a ‘bridge’ design, that links two separate water pools, a ‘control gate’ (CG) pool and a ‘floating gate’ (FG) pool, by a bridge filled with agar-agar hydrogel. We show electric communication between electrodes in the pools across the gel bridge to the gate of an LND150 FET. When loading the gel bridge with a sorbent that is known to act as a sensitiser for Cu<sup>2+</sup> water pollution, namely, the ion exchanging zeolite ‘clinoptilolite’, the bridged EGFET acts as a potentiometric sensor to waterborne Cu<sup>2+</sup>. We then introduce novel sensitisers into the gel bridge, the commercially available resins Puromet<sup>TM</sup> MTS9140 and MTS9200, which are sorbents for the extraction of mercury (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) pollution from water. We find a response of the bridged EGFET to Hg<sup>2+</sup> water pollution, setting a template for the rapid screening of ion exchange resins that are readily available for a wide range of harmful (or precious) metal ions. We fit the potentiometric sensor response vs. pollutant concentration characteristics to the Langmuir–Freundlich (LF) model which is discussed in context with other ion-sensor characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7554EGFETwater monitoringPurometmercury pollutionLangmuir–Freundlich |
| spellingShingle | Hadi Rasam AlQahtani Abdel-Basit M. Al-Odayni Yusif Alhamed Martin Grell Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors Sensors EGFET water monitoring Puromet mercury pollution Langmuir–Freundlich |
| title | Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors |
| title_full | Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors |
| title_short | Bridged EGFET Design for the Rapid Screening of Sorbents as Sensitisers in Water-Pollution Sensors |
| title_sort | bridged egfet design for the rapid screening of sorbents as sensitisers in water pollution sensors |
| topic | EGFET water monitoring Puromet mercury pollution Langmuir–Freundlich |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7554 |
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