Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers
Pipelines are the main transportation means for oil and gas products across large distances. Due to the severe conditions they operate in, they are regularly inspected using conventional Pipeline Inspection Gages (PIGs) for corrosion damage. The motivation for researching a real-time distributed mon...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2017-09-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2227 |
| _version_ | 1817993900806111232 |
|---|---|
| author | Khalil Al Handawi Nader Vahdati Oleg Shiryayev Lydia Lawand |
| author_facet | Khalil Al Handawi Nader Vahdati Oleg Shiryayev Lydia Lawand |
| author_sort | Khalil Al Handawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pipelines are the main transportation means for oil and gas products across large distances. Due to the severe conditions they operate in, they are regularly inspected using conventional Pipeline Inspection Gages (PIGs) for corrosion damage. The motivation for researching a real-time distributed monitoring solution arose to mitigate costs and provide a proactive indication of potential failures. Fiber optic sensors with polymer claddings provide a means of detecting contact with hydrocarbons. By coating the fibers with a layer of metal similar in composition to that of the parent pipeline, corrosion of this coating may be detected when the polymer cladding underneath is exposed to the surrounding hydrocarbons contained within the pipeline. A Refractive Index (RI) change occurs in the polymer cladding causing a loss in intensity of a traveling light pulse due to a reduction in the fiber’s modal capacity. Intensity losses may be detected using Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) while pinpointing the spatial location of the contact via time delay calculations of the back-scattered pulses. This work presents a theoretical model for the above sensing solution to provide a design tool for the fiber optic cable in the context of hydrocarbon sensing following corrosion of an external metal coating. Results are verified against the experimental data published in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:45:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-725427d103cd4961b7126f53caae7b2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:45:48Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-725427d103cd4961b7126f53caae7b2d2022-12-22T02:19:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202017-09-011710222710.3390/s17102227s17102227Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical FibersKhalil Al Handawi0Nader Vahdati1Oleg Shiryayev2Lydia Lawand3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Petroleum Institute, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAEDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Petroleum Institute, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAEDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Petroleum Institute, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAEDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Petroleum Institute, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi, UAEPipelines are the main transportation means for oil and gas products across large distances. Due to the severe conditions they operate in, they are regularly inspected using conventional Pipeline Inspection Gages (PIGs) for corrosion damage. The motivation for researching a real-time distributed monitoring solution arose to mitigate costs and provide a proactive indication of potential failures. Fiber optic sensors with polymer claddings provide a means of detecting contact with hydrocarbons. By coating the fibers with a layer of metal similar in composition to that of the parent pipeline, corrosion of this coating may be detected when the polymer cladding underneath is exposed to the surrounding hydrocarbons contained within the pipeline. A Refractive Index (RI) change occurs in the polymer cladding causing a loss in intensity of a traveling light pulse due to a reduction in the fiber’s modal capacity. Intensity losses may be detected using Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) while pinpointing the spatial location of the contact via time delay calculations of the back-scattered pulses. This work presents a theoretical model for the above sensing solution to provide a design tool for the fiber optic cable in the context of hydrocarbon sensing following corrosion of an external metal coating. Results are verified against the experimental data published in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2227distributed sensingoptical time domain reflectometrypolymer clad silica fiberscorrosion monitoringoil pipelinespipeline integrity management |
| spellingShingle | Khalil Al Handawi Nader Vahdati Oleg Shiryayev Lydia Lawand Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers Sensors distributed sensing optical time domain reflectometry polymer clad silica fibers corrosion monitoring oil pipelines pipeline integrity management |
| title | Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers |
| title_full | Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers |
| title_fullStr | Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers |
| title_short | Analytical Modeling Tool for Design of Hydrocarbon Sensitive Optical Fibers |
| title_sort | analytical modeling tool for design of hydrocarbon sensitive optical fibers |
| topic | distributed sensing optical time domain reflectometry polymer clad silica fibers corrosion monitoring oil pipelines pipeline integrity management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2227 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khalilalhandawi analyticalmodelingtoolfordesignofhydrocarbonsensitiveopticalfibers AT nadervahdati analyticalmodelingtoolfordesignofhydrocarbonsensitiveopticalfibers AT olegshiryayev analyticalmodelingtoolfordesignofhydrocarbonsensitiveopticalfibers AT lydialawand analyticalmodelingtoolfordesignofhydrocarbonsensitiveopticalfibers |