Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Similar to many other plant-based products, strawberries are susceptible to fungal diseases caused by various pathogen groups. In recent years, efforts have been made to combat these diseases using biological control methods, particularly the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2439 |
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| author | Semra Demir Emre Demirer Durak Hasret Güneş Gökhan Boyno José M. Mulet Younes Rezaee Danesh Rosa Porcel |
| author_facet | Semra Demir Emre Demirer Durak Hasret Güneş Gökhan Boyno José M. Mulet Younes Rezaee Danesh Rosa Porcel |
| author_sort | Semra Demir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Similar to many other plant-based products, strawberries are susceptible to fungal diseases caused by various pathogen groups. In recent years, efforts have been made to combat these diseases using biological control methods, particularly the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aimed to determine the effects of AMF (<i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (Fm) and <i>Gigaspora margarita</i> (Gm)) on <i>Rhizoctonia fragariae</i> (Rf), <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (Fo), and <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (Aa), which are major pathogens for strawberry. The results showed that the effects of AMF on disease severity and plant growth varied depending on the pathogens involved. Rf caused the highest disease severity, followed by Fo and Aa, but all AMF treatments significantly reduced the disease severity compared to control treatments. The study also found that the specific AMF species and their combinations influenced plant growth responses under different pathogenic conditions. Different AMF treatments resulted in varying increases in plant fresh weight, dry weight, and length, depending on the pathogen. Moreover, the application of AMF led to increased levels of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phosphorus content in pathogen-infected plants compared to control treatments. Fm was more efficient than Gm in increasing these biochemical parameters. The levels of root colonization by AMF were similar among different AMF treatments, but the effects on fungal spore density varied depending on the pathogen. Some AMF treatments increased fungal spore density, while others did not show significant differences. In conclusion, our research sheds light on the differential effects of AMF species on disease severity, plant growth, and biochemical parameters in strawberry plants facing diverse pathogens. These findings underscore the potential benefits of AMF in disease management, as they reduce disease severity and bolster plant growth and defense mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7257639cada64a9abecd68c51d5010f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-7257639cada64a9abecd68c51d5010f52023-11-19T09:12:18ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-09-01139243910.3390/agronomy13092439Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal FungiSemra Demir0Emre Demirer Durak1Hasret Güneş2Gökhan Boyno3José M. Mulet4Younes Rezaee Danesh5Rosa Porcel6Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, TürkiyeDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, TürkiyeDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, TürkiyeDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, TürkiyeInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65090, TürkiyeInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, SpainSimilar to many other plant-based products, strawberries are susceptible to fungal diseases caused by various pathogen groups. In recent years, efforts have been made to combat these diseases using biological control methods, particularly the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aimed to determine the effects of AMF (<i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (Fm) and <i>Gigaspora margarita</i> (Gm)) on <i>Rhizoctonia fragariae</i> (Rf), <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (Fo), and <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (Aa), which are major pathogens for strawberry. The results showed that the effects of AMF on disease severity and plant growth varied depending on the pathogens involved. Rf caused the highest disease severity, followed by Fo and Aa, but all AMF treatments significantly reduced the disease severity compared to control treatments. The study also found that the specific AMF species and their combinations influenced plant growth responses under different pathogenic conditions. Different AMF treatments resulted in varying increases in plant fresh weight, dry weight, and length, depending on the pathogen. Moreover, the application of AMF led to increased levels of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phosphorus content in pathogen-infected plants compared to control treatments. Fm was more efficient than Gm in increasing these biochemical parameters. The levels of root colonization by AMF were similar among different AMF treatments, but the effects on fungal spore density varied depending on the pathogen. Some AMF treatments increased fungal spore density, while others did not show significant differences. In conclusion, our research sheds light on the differential effects of AMF species on disease severity, plant growth, and biochemical parameters in strawberry plants facing diverse pathogens. These findings underscore the potential benefits of AMF in disease management, as they reduce disease severity and bolster plant growth and defense mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2439biological controlphytopathogensmanagement of phytopathogensincrease plant tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Semra Demir Emre Demirer Durak Hasret Güneş Gökhan Boyno José M. Mulet Younes Rezaee Danesh Rosa Porcel Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Agronomy biological control phytopathogens management of phytopathogens increase plant tolerance |
| title | Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| title_full | Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| title_short | Biological Control of Three Fungal Diseases in Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| title_sort | biological control of three fungal diseases in strawberry i fragaria ananassa i with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| topic | biological control phytopathogens management of phytopathogens increase plant tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2439 |
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