Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes
Smart cities aim to make urban life more enjoyable and sustainable but their highly heterogeneous and distributed context creates unique operational challenges. In such an environment, multiple companies work together with government on applications and data streams spanning several management domai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9547278/ |
| _version_ | 1818739813066473472 |
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| author | Merlijn Sebrechts Sander Borny Tim Wauters Bruno Volckaert Filip De Turck |
| author_facet | Merlijn Sebrechts Sander Borny Tim Wauters Bruno Volckaert Filip De Turck |
| author_sort | Merlijn Sebrechts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smart cities aim to make urban life more enjoyable and sustainable but their highly heterogeneous and distributed context creates unique operational challenges. In such an environment, multiple companies work together with government on applications and data streams spanning several management domains. Deploying these applications, each of which consists of several connected services, and maintaining an overview of application topologies remains difficult. Even though cloud modelling languages have been proposed to solve similar issues, they are not well fit for such a heterogeneous environment because they often require an “all or nothing” approach. Moreover, cloud modelling languages add an additional abstraction layer that rarely supports all features of the underlying platform and make it harder to reuse existing knowledge and tools. This research defines <italic>service relationships</italic> as the key element to modelling applications as topologies of services. We use this definition to pinpoint what is lacking in the state of the art Kubernetes orchestration tools and provide a blueprint for how relationship support can be added to any orchestrator. We present “orcon”, a proof of concept orchestrator that extends the Kubernetes API to allow managing relationships between services by adding metadata to service definitions. Our evaluation shows this orchestrator enables lifecycle synchronization and configuration change propagation with an overhead of only 0.44 seconds per service. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:30:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-725782d9f78746c0b45ea195d02e7297 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:30:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-725782d9f78746c0b45ea195d02e72972022-12-21T21:25:36ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-01913338713340110.1109/ACCESS.2021.31154389547278Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on KubernetesMerlijn Sebrechts0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-7338Sander Borny1Tim Wauters2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3311Bruno Volckaert3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-5894Filip De Turck4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-1199Department of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University - imec, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University - imec, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University - imec, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University - imec, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Information Technology, IDLab, Ghent University - imec, Ghent, BelgiumSmart cities aim to make urban life more enjoyable and sustainable but their highly heterogeneous and distributed context creates unique operational challenges. In such an environment, multiple companies work together with government on applications and data streams spanning several management domains. Deploying these applications, each of which consists of several connected services, and maintaining an overview of application topologies remains difficult. Even though cloud modelling languages have been proposed to solve similar issues, they are not well fit for such a heterogeneous environment because they often require an “all or nothing” approach. Moreover, cloud modelling languages add an additional abstraction layer that rarely supports all features of the underlying platform and make it harder to reuse existing knowledge and tools. This research defines <italic>service relationships</italic> as the key element to modelling applications as topologies of services. We use this definition to pinpoint what is lacking in the state of the art Kubernetes orchestration tools and provide a blueprint for how relationship support can be added to any orchestrator. We present “orcon”, a proof of concept orchestrator that extends the Kubernetes API to allow managing relationships between services by adding metadata to service definitions. Our evaluation shows this orchestrator enables lifecycle synchronization and configuration change propagation with an overhead of only 0.44 seconds per service.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9547278/Cloud models container orchestrationcross-domainkubernetesmicroservicesservice compositionservice dependencies |
| spellingShingle | Merlijn Sebrechts Sander Borny Tim Wauters Bruno Volckaert Filip De Turck Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes IEEE Access Cloud models container orchestration cross-domain kubernetes microservices service composition service dependencies |
| title | Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes |
| title_full | Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes |
| title_fullStr | Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes |
| title_short | Service Relationship Orchestration: Lessons Learned From Running Large Scale Smart City Platforms on Kubernetes |
| title_sort | service relationship orchestration lessons learned from running large scale smart city platforms on kubernetes |
| topic | Cloud models container orchestration cross-domain kubernetes microservices service composition service dependencies |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9547278/ |
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