Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/12/2373 |
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| author | Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen Msaad Alzhrani Ahmad Alanazi Mazen Alqahtani Mohamed Waly Md. Dilshad Manzar Fatma A. Hegazy Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali Ravi Shankar Reddy Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan Hariraja Muthusamy Wafa Alrubaia Nidaa Alanazi Faizan Zaffar Kashoo Mohammad Miraj |
| author_facet | Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen Msaad Alzhrani Ahmad Alanazi Mazen Alqahtani Mohamed Waly Md. Dilshad Manzar Fatma A. Hegazy Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali Ravi Shankar Reddy Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan Hariraja Muthusamy Wafa Alrubaia Nidaa Alanazi Faizan Zaffar Kashoo Mohammad Miraj |
| author_sort | Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of upper limb MSDs, smartphone addiction/overuse, and levels of physical activity were recorded using the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale (short version), and the international physical activity questionnaire (short form), respectively. Data collection was performed on campus between March and May 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of upper limb MSDs and smartphone addiction/overuse and levels of physical activity. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand regions due to smartphone use among participants was found to be 20.13%, 5.11%, and 13.42%, respectively. Shoulder (odds ratio (OR) = 11.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64–27.94, <i>p</i> < 0.001), elbow (OR = 15.38, 95% CI = 1.92–123.26, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and wrist/hand MSDs (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 2.75–21.22, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more prevalent among participants who were categorized as having smartphone addiction/overuse measures. Promoting awareness about the healthy use of smartphones, including postural education and decreasing screen time, is necessary to reduce smartphone-related MSDs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-725e6a1e996a459caac61cf33fc6d406 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-725e6a1e996a459caac61cf33fc6d4062023-11-24T15:08:51ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-11-011012237310.3390/healthcare10122373Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional StudyMohamed Sherif Sirajudeen0Msaad Alzhrani1Ahmad Alanazi2Mazen Alqahtani3Mohamed Waly4Md. Dilshad Manzar5Fatma A. Hegazy6Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali7Ravi Shankar Reddy8Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi9Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan10Hariraja Muthusamy11Wafa Alrubaia12Nidaa Alanazi13Faizan Zaffar Kashoo14Mohammad Miraj15Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Physiotherapy, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid Univesity, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 313 university students aged 18 years and older who owned a smartphone and used it during the preceding 12 months participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of upper limb MSDs, smartphone addiction/overuse, and levels of physical activity were recorded using the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the smartphone addiction scale (short version), and the international physical activity questionnaire (short form), respectively. Data collection was performed on campus between March and May 2021. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the prevalence of upper limb MSDs and smartphone addiction/overuse and levels of physical activity. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand regions due to smartphone use among participants was found to be 20.13%, 5.11%, and 13.42%, respectively. Shoulder (odds ratio (OR) = 11.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.64–27.94, <i>p</i> < 0.001), elbow (OR = 15.38, 95% CI = 1.92–123.26, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and wrist/hand MSDs (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 2.75–21.22, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more prevalent among participants who were categorized as having smartphone addiction/overuse measures. Promoting awareness about the healthy use of smartphones, including postural education and decreasing screen time, is necessary to reduce smartphone-related MSDs.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/12/2373musculoskeletal painsmartphone overusephysical activityergonomics |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen Msaad Alzhrani Ahmad Alanazi Mazen Alqahtani Mohamed Waly Md. Dilshad Manzar Fatma A. Hegazy Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali Ravi Shankar Reddy Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan Hariraja Muthusamy Wafa Alrubaia Nidaa Alanazi Faizan Zaffar Kashoo Mohammad Miraj Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study Healthcare musculoskeletal pain smartphone overuse physical activity ergonomics |
| title | Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Prevalence of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Association with Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage among University Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and their association with smartphone addiction and smartphone usage among university students in the kingdom of saudi arabia during the covid 19 pandemic a cross sectional study |
| topic | musculoskeletal pain smartphone overuse physical activity ergonomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/12/2373 |
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