Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings
Between 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced the largest sylvatic epidemic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite to the magnitude and rapid spread of the epidemic, little is known about YFV dispersion. The study evaluated whether the squirrel monkey is a good model for yellow fever (YF) studies. Methods...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| author | Milene S. Ferreira Lívia C. Martins Karla F. L. de Melo Wellington B. da Silva Aline A. Imbeloni José Augusto P. C. Muniz Camille F. de Oliveira Maria Nazaré O. Freitas Éder B. dos Santos Liliane L. Chagas Márcia B. M. Luz Luiz A. D. de Queiroz Robert B. Tesh Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos |
| author_facet | Milene S. Ferreira Lívia C. Martins Karla F. L. de Melo Wellington B. da Silva Aline A. Imbeloni José Augusto P. C. Muniz Camille F. de Oliveira Maria Nazaré O. Freitas Éder B. dos Santos Liliane L. Chagas Márcia B. M. Luz Luiz A. D. de Queiroz Robert B. Tesh Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos |
| author_sort | Milene S. Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Between 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced the largest sylvatic epidemic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite to the magnitude and rapid spread of the epidemic, little is known about YFV dispersion. The study evaluated whether the squirrel monkey is a good model for yellow fever (YF) studies. Methods: Ten animals were infected with 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> PFU/mL of YFV, with one negative control. Blood samples were collected daily during the first 7 days and at 10, 20 and 30 days post infection (dpi) for detection of viral load and cytokines by RT-qPCR; measurements of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine were taken; IgM/IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests were performed. The animals exhibited fever, flushed appearance, vomiting and petechiae, and one animal died. Viremia was detected between 1 and 10 dpi, and IgM/IgG antibodies appeared between 4 and 30 dpi. The levels of AST, ALT and urea increased. The immune responses were characterized by expression of S100 and CD11b cells; endothelial markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VLA-4), cell death and stress (Lysozyme and iNOS); and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). The squirrel monkeys showed changes similar to those described in humans with YF, and are a good experimental model for the study of YF. |
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| id | doaj.art-7260ce9bd8724002be6be78e2e9c3d87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7260ce9bd8724002be6be78e2e9c3d872023-11-17T14:21:54ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115361310.3390/v15030613Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological FindingsMilene S. Ferreira0Lívia C. Martins1Karla F. L. de Melo2Wellington B. da Silva3Aline A. Imbeloni4José Augusto P. C. Muniz5Camille F. de Oliveira6Maria Nazaré O. Freitas7Éder B. dos Santos8Liliane L. Chagas9Márcia B. M. Luz10Luiz A. D. de Queiroz11Robert B. Tesh12Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos13Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilNational Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilNational Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilNational Primate Center, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilDepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030000, PA, BrazilBetween 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced the largest sylvatic epidemic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite to the magnitude and rapid spread of the epidemic, little is known about YFV dispersion. The study evaluated whether the squirrel monkey is a good model for yellow fever (YF) studies. Methods: Ten animals were infected with 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> PFU/mL of YFV, with one negative control. Blood samples were collected daily during the first 7 days and at 10, 20 and 30 days post infection (dpi) for detection of viral load and cytokines by RT-qPCR; measurements of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine were taken; IgM/IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests were performed. The animals exhibited fever, flushed appearance, vomiting and petechiae, and one animal died. Viremia was detected between 1 and 10 dpi, and IgM/IgG antibodies appeared between 4 and 30 dpi. The levels of AST, ALT and urea increased. The immune responses were characterized by expression of S100 and CD11b cells; endothelial markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VLA-4), cell death and stress (Lysozyme and iNOS); and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). The squirrel monkeys showed changes similar to those described in humans with YF, and are a good experimental model for the study of YF.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/613experimental infectionyellow feveranimal modelspathogenesis<i>Saimiri</i> spp. |
| spellingShingle | Milene S. Ferreira Lívia C. Martins Karla F. L. de Melo Wellington B. da Silva Aline A. Imbeloni José Augusto P. C. Muniz Camille F. de Oliveira Maria Nazaré O. Freitas Éder B. dos Santos Liliane L. Chagas Márcia B. M. Luz Luiz A. D. de Queiroz Robert B. Tesh Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings Viruses experimental infection yellow fever animal models pathogenesis <i>Saimiri</i> spp. |
| title | Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings |
| title_full | Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings |
| title_short | Experimental Yellow Fever in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri</i> spp.): Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings |
| title_sort | experimental yellow fever in the squirrel monkey i saimiri i spp hematological biochemical and immunological findings |
| topic | experimental infection yellow fever animal models pathogenesis <i>Saimiri</i> spp. |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/613 |
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